{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:1997-04-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-29","date_display":"April 29, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450567.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.0332,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":272.4479,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.4147,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.4147},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":272.4479,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7812},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":287.4811},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450567.770833,"ahargana":1862102.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8156,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.956347999999991,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":271.03334799999993,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.0579},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":142.92974800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":9.245848000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":295.49424799999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":21.851248,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.006848,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":156.8606,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":336.8606,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450567.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.0332,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":272.4479,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.4147,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.4147},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":272.4479,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7812},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":287.4811},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.058,"elongation":102.585},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.058,"opposition_distance":77.415}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:50","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":13.936112033093666,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 56 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 03 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:10","moonsetLocal":"09:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:17","end":"17:01","startHours":15.281955613872231,"endHours":17.02396961800894,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:19","end":"10:03","startHours":8.313899597325397,"endHours":10.055913601462105,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:48","end":"13:32","startHours":11.797927605598815,"endHours":13.539941609735523,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:05","end":"08:33","startHours":8.081631063440504,"endHours":8.546168131210292,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:25","end":"05:47","startHours":5.4105429237642175,"endHours":5.782172577980049,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:16","startHours":11.333390537829025,"endHours":12.262464673368605,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:58","end":"03:54","startHours":2.9717233179728257,"endHours":3.9007974535124035,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:40","end":"04:50","startHours":3.668528919627509,"endHours":4.829871589051981,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"15:03","startHours":14.120612944447759,"endHours":15.049687079987336,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.565983622145648,"endHours":18.965983622145647,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:21","startHours":18.765983622145647,"endHours":19.346654956857883,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.515983622145647,"endHours":20.265983622145647,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:16","startHours":23.333390537829025,"endHours":24.262464673368605,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:50","end":"06:34","startHours":4.829871589051981,"endHours":6.571885593188689,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:34","end":"08:19","startHours":6.571885593188689,"endHours":8.313899597325397,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:19","end":"10:03","startHours":8.313899597325397,"endHours":10.055913601462105,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:03","end":"11:48","startHours":10.055913601462105,"endHours":11.797927605598815,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:48","end":"13:32","startHours":11.797927605598815,"endHours":13.539941609735523,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:32","end":"15:17","startHours":13.539941609735523,"endHours":15.281955613872231,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:17","end":"17:01","startHours":15.281955613872231,"endHours":17.02396961800894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:01","end":"18:46","startHours":17.02396961800894,"endHours":18.765983622145647,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:46","end":"20:01","startHours":18.765983622145647,"endHours":20.023969618008937,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:01","end":"21:17","startHours":20.023969618008937,"endHours":21.28195561387223,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:17","end":"22:32","startHours":21.28195561387223,"endHours":22.53994160973552,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:32","end":"23:48","startHours":22.53994160973552,"endHours":23.797927605598815,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:48","end":"01:03","startHours":23.797927605598815,"endHours":25.055913601462105,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:03","end":"02:19","startHours":25.055913601462105,"endHours":26.313899597325396,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:19","end":"03:34","startHours":26.313899597325396,"endHours":27.57188559318869,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:34","end":"04:50","startHours":27.57188559318869,"endHours":28.829871589051983,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:50","end":"05:50","startHours":4.829871589051981,"endHours":5.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:50","end":"06:50","startHours":5.829871589051981,"endHours":6.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:50","end":"07:50","startHours":6.829871589051981,"endHours":7.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:50","end":"08:50","startHours":7.829871589051981,"endHours":8.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:50","end":"09:50","startHours":8.829871589051981,"endHours":9.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:50","end":"10:50","startHours":9.829871589051981,"endHours":10.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:50","end":"11:50","startHours":10.829871589051981,"endHours":11.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:50","end":"12:50","startHours":11.829871589051981,"endHours":12.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:50","end":"13:50","startHours":12.829871589051981,"endHours":13.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:50","end":"14:50","startHours":13.829871589051981,"endHours":14.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:50","end":"15:50","startHours":14.829871589051981,"endHours":15.829871589051981,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:50","end":"16:50","startHours":15.829871589051981,"endHours":16.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:50","end":"17:50","startHours":16.829871589051983,"endHours":17.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:50","end":"18:50","startHours":17.829871589051983,"endHours":18.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:50","end":"19:50","startHours":18.829871589051983,"endHours":19.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:50","end":"20:50","startHours":19.829871589051983,"endHours":20.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:50","end":"21:50","startHours":20.829871589051983,"endHours":21.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:50","end":"22:50","startHours":21.829871589051983,"endHours":22.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:50","end":"23:50","startHours":22.829871589051983,"endHours":23.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:50","end":"00:50","startHours":23.829871589051983,"endHours":24.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:50","end":"01:50","startHours":24.829871589051983,"endHours":25.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:50","end":"02:50","startHours":25.829871589051983,"endHours":26.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:50","end":"03:50","startHours":26.829871589051983,"endHours":27.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:50","end":"04:50","startHours":27.829871589051983,"endHours":28.829871589051983,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.422420503308883,"eotMinutes":2.643543664071059,"ayanamsa":23.8156}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 29, 1997 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 29, 1997 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 04:50, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1997-04-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T08:19:47.667Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T08:19:47.667Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T08:19:47.667Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}