{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:1996-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1996-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 1996 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1996,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450201.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861736.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.3164,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":128.8376,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.5212,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.5212},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":128.8376,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8376},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.154},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1996,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450201.770833,"ahargana":1861736.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8016,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.23443199999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":128.33183200000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.3117},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":2.6889320000000225,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.50993199999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":263.89983200000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":56.556532000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":338.573532,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":176.2531,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":356.2531,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1996,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450201.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861736.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.3164,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":128.8376,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":114.5212,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.5212},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":128.8376,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.8376},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":143.154},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":19,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.312,"elongation":114.521},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.312,"opposition_distance":65.479}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-10,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.845,"elongation":3}]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:51","sunsetLocal":"18:45","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":13.904830422325446,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 54 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 05 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:42","moonsetLocal":"02:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:01","end":"18:45","startHours":17.014758572448383,"endHours":18.75286237523906,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:48","end":"13:32","startHours":11.800447164076338,"endHours":13.538550966867021,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:17","end":"17:01","startHours":15.2766547696577,"endHours":17.014758572448383,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:06","end":"08:33","startHours":8.092492384789553,"endHours":8.555986732200402,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:26","end":"05:48","startHours":5.4273998871771765,"endHours":5.798195365105855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:16","startHours":11.336952816665491,"endHours":12.263941511487186,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:00","end":"03:55","startHours":2.9940545632702236,"endHours":3.92104325809192,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:41","end":"04:51","startHours":3.6892960843864957,"endHours":4.848031952913616,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"15:03","startHours":14.11791890113058,"endHours":15.044907595952276,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:33","end":"18:57","startHours":18.552862375239062,"endHours":18.95286237523906,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:45","end":"19:20","startHours":18.75286237523906,"endHours":19.33223030950262,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"20:15","startHours":18.50286237523906,"endHours":20.25286237523906,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:16","startHours":23.33695281666549,"endHours":24.263941511487186,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:51","end":"06:35","startHours":4.848031952913616,"endHours":6.586135755704297,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:35","end":"08:19","startHours":6.586135755704297,"endHours":8.324239558494977,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:19","end":"10:04","startHours":8.324239558494977,"endHours":10.06234336128566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:04","end":"11:48","startHours":10.06234336128566,"endHours":11.800447164076338,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:48","end":"13:32","startHours":11.800447164076338,"endHours":13.538550966867021,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:32","end":"15:17","startHours":13.538550966867021,"endHours":15.2766547696577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:17","end":"17:01","startHours":15.2766547696577,"endHours":17.014758572448383,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:01","end":"18:45","startHours":17.014758572448383,"endHours":18.75286237523906,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:45","end":"20:01","startHours":18.75286237523906,"endHours":20.01475857244838,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:01","end":"21:17","startHours":20.01475857244838,"endHours":21.2766547696577,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:17","end":"22:32","startHours":21.2766547696577,"endHours":22.53855096686702,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:32","end":"23:48","startHours":22.53855096686702,"endHours":23.80044716407634,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:48","end":"01:04","startHours":23.80044716407634,"endHours":25.062343361285656,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:04","end":"02:19","startHours":25.062343361285656,"endHours":26.324239558494977,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:19","end":"03:35","startHours":26.324239558494977,"endHours":27.586135755704298,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:35","end":"04:51","startHours":27.586135755704298,"endHours":28.848031952913615,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:51","end":"05:51","startHours":4.848031952913616,"endHours":5.848031952913616,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:51","end":"06:51","startHours":5.848031952913616,"endHours":6.848031952913616,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:51","end":"07:51","startHours":6.848031952913616,"endHours":7.848031952913616,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:51","end":"08:51","startHours":7.848031952913616,"endHours":8.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:51","end":"09:51","startHours":8.848031952913615,"endHours":9.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:51","end":"10:51","startHours":9.848031952913615,"endHours":10.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:51","end":"11:51","startHours":10.848031952913615,"endHours":11.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:51","end":"12:51","startHours":11.848031952913615,"endHours":12.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:51","end":"13:51","startHours":12.848031952913615,"endHours":13.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:51","end":"14:51","startHours":13.848031952913615,"endHours":14.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:51","end":"15:51","startHours":14.848031952913615,"endHours":15.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:51","end":"16:51","startHours":15.848031952913615,"endHours":16.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:51","end":"17:51","startHours":16.848031952913615,"endHours":17.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:51","end":"18:51","startHours":17.848031952913615,"endHours":18.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:51","end":"19:51","startHours":18.848031952913615,"endHours":19.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:51","end":"20:51","startHours":19.848031952913615,"endHours":20.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:51","end":"21:51","startHours":20.848031952913615,"endHours":21.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:51","end":"22:51","startHours":21.848031952913615,"endHours":22.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:51","end":"23:51","startHours":22.848031952913615,"endHours":23.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:51","end":"00:51","startHours":23.848031952913615,"endHours":24.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:51","end":"01:51","startHours":24.848031952913615,"endHours":25.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:51","end":"02:51","startHours":25.848031952913615,"endHours":26.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:51","end":"03:51","startHours":26.848031952913615,"endHours":27.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:51","end":"04:51","startHours":27.848031952913615,"endHours":28.848031952913615,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.185710896613703,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":23.8016}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2053,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhi","saka_samvat":1918,"saka_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","bengali_samvat":1403,"malayalam_era":1172,"nanakshahi_year":527,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2053 Virodhi · Śaka 1918 Dhātṛ"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 1996 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 1996 CE for Chicago, USA: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 04:51, sūryāsta 18:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1996-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T11:09:57.340Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T11:09:57.340Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T11:09:57.340Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}