{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:chicago:1978-07-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-07-30","date_display":"July 30, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443719.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855254.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5135,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5356,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":303.0222,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0222},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.5356,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5356},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":148.0491},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443719.770833,"ahargana":1855254.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5537,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.98569199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":48.261792000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.105},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":153.41429200000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":128.41459199999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":88.38859200000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":146.87769200000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":126.71969200000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.7006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.7006,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443719.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855254.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5135,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5356,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":303.0222,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0222},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.5356,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.5356},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":148.0491},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.105,"elongation":56.978},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.105,"opposition_distance":123.022}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"chicago","name":"Chicago, USA","lat":41.8781,"lon":-87.6298,"tz_offset_hours":-6,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:41","sunsetLocal":"19:12","solarNoonLocal":"11:57","dayLengthHours":14.512280938019131,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 30 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 29 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:48","moonsetLocal":"15:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:23","end":"19:12","startHours":17.386003447036845,"endHours":19.200038564289237,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:57","end":"13:45","startHours":11.943898095279671,"endHours":13.757933212532063,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"17:23","startHours":15.571968329784454,"endHours":17.386003447036845,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:33","startHours":8.073956511807904,"endHours":8.557699209741873,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:18","end":"05:41","startHours":5.292435998687569,"endHours":5.679430157034746,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:26","startHours":11.4601553973457,"endHours":12.427640793213643,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:45","end":"03:43","startHours":2.7527868345342212,"endHours":3.7202722304021636,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:29","end":"04:41","startHours":3.478400881435178,"endHours":4.6877576262701055,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:20","startHours":14.362611584949526,"endHours":15.33009698081747,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:00","end":"19:24","startHours":19.000038564289238,"endHours":19.400038564289236,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:12","end":"19:48","startHours":19.200038564289237,"endHours":19.8047169367067,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:57","end":"20:42","startHours":18.950038564289237,"endHours":20.700038564289237,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:26","startHours":23.4601553973457,"endHours":24.42764079321364,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:41","end":"06:30","startHours":4.6877576262701055,"endHours":6.501792743522497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:30","end":"08:19","startHours":6.501792743522497,"endHours":8.315827860774888,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:19","end":"10:08","startHours":8.315827860774888,"endHours":10.12986297802728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:08","end":"11:57","startHours":10.12986297802728,"endHours":11.943898095279671,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:57","end":"13:45","startHours":11.943898095279671,"endHours":13.757933212532063,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:45","end":"15:34","startHours":13.757933212532063,"endHours":15.571968329784454,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:34","end":"17:23","startHours":15.571968329784454,"endHours":17.386003447036845,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:23","end":"19:12","startHours":17.386003447036845,"endHours":19.200038564289237,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:12","end":"20:23","startHours":19.200038564289237,"endHours":20.386003447036845,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:23","end":"21:34","startHours":20.386003447036845,"endHours":21.571968329784454,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:34","end":"22:45","startHours":21.571968329784454,"endHours":22.757933212532063,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:45","end":"23:57","startHours":22.757933212532063,"endHours":23.94389809527967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:57","end":"01:08","startHours":23.94389809527967,"endHours":25.12986297802728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:08","end":"02:19","startHours":25.12986297802728,"endHours":26.31582786077489,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:19","end":"03:30","startHours":26.31582786077489,"endHours":27.501792743522497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:30","end":"04:41","startHours":27.501792743522497,"endHours":28.687757626270106,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":4.6877576262701055,"endHours":5.6877576262701055,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.6877576262701055,"endHours":6.6877576262701055,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.6877576262701055,"endHours":7.6877576262701055,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.6877576262701055,"endHours":8.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.687757626270106,"endHours":9.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.687757626270106,"endHours":10.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.687757626270106,"endHours":11.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.687757626270106,"endHours":12.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.687757626270106,"endHours":13.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.687757626270106,"endHours":14.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.687757626270106,"endHours":15.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.687757626270106,"endHours":16.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.687757626270106,"endHours":17.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.687757626270106,"endHours":18.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.687757626270106,"endHours":19.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.687757626270106,"endHours":20.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.687757626270106,"endHours":21.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.687757626270106,"endHours":22.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.687757626270106,"endHours":23.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.687757626270106,"endHours":24.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.687757626270106,"endHours":25.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.687757626270106,"endHours":26.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.687757626270106,"endHours":27.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.687757626270106,"endHours":28.687757626270106,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.636150655251843,"eotMinutes":-6.1146857167802535,"ayanamsa":23.5537}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"aja-ekadashi","name":"Ajā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"अजा एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"King Hariścandra observed this; restored him to throne and family.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"chicago"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 30, 1978 CE · Chicago, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 30, 1978 CE for Chicago, USA: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 04:41, sūryāsta 19:12.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/chicago/1978-07-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:10:10.202Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T20:10:10.202Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T20:10:10.202Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}