{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:boston:2027-10-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2027-10-31","date_display":"October 31, 2027 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2027,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461709.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873244.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.3849,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.6604,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":20.2756,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2756},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.6604,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6604},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":45.0453},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2027,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461709.770833,"ahargana":1873244.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2418,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":193.142241,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":211.58994099999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3219},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":226.26854100000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":175.245541,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":145.668841,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":213.80234099999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":359.152741,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":286.5038,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":106.5038,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2027,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461709.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873244.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.3849,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.6604,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":20.2756,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2756},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.6604,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.6604},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":45.0453},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.322,"elongation":20.276},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.322,"opposition_distance":159.724}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"16:40","solarNoonLocal":"11:28","dayLengthHours":10.409939148886558,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:52","moonsetLocal":"17:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:22","end":"16:40","startHours":15.366774188323653,"endHours":16.668016581934474,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:28","end":"12:46","startHours":11.463047007491195,"endHours":12.764289401102015,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:04","end":"15:22","startHours":14.065531794712836,"endHours":15.366774188323653,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:41","end":"09:02","startHours":8.68706323445478,"endHours":9.034061206084331,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:42","end":"06:58","startHours":6.691824897584857,"endHours":6.9694232748884986,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:07","end":"11:49","startHours":11.116049035861643,"endHours":11.810044979120747,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:34","startHours":4.870085546529709,"endHours":5.564081489788813,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:23","end":"06:15","startHours":5.390582503974037,"endHours":6.258077433047917,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:12","end":"13:54","startHours":13.198036865638954,"endHours":13.892032808898058,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:28","end":"16:52","startHours":16.468016581934474,"endHours":16.868016581934473,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:40","end":"17:06","startHours":16.668016581934474,"endHours":17.101764046471413,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:25","end":"18:10","startHours":16.418016581934474,"endHours":18.168016581934474,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:07","end":"23:49","startHours":23.116049035861643,"endHours":23.810044979120747,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:15","end":"07:34","startHours":6.258077433047917,"endHours":7.5593198266587365,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:34","end":"08:52","startHours":7.5593198266587365,"endHours":8.860562220269557,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:52","end":"10:10","startHours":8.860562220269557,"endHours":10.161804613880376,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:10","end":"11:28","startHours":10.161804613880376,"endHours":11.463047007491195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:28","end":"12:46","startHours":11.463047007491195,"endHours":12.764289401102015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:46","end":"14:04","startHours":12.764289401102015,"endHours":14.065531794712836,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:04","end":"15:22","startHours":14.065531794712836,"endHours":15.366774188323653,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:22","end":"16:40","startHours":15.366774188323653,"endHours":16.668016581934474,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:40","end":"18:22","startHours":16.668016581934474,"endHours":18.366774188323653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:22","end":"20:04","startHours":18.366774188323653,"endHours":20.065531794712832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:04","end":"21:46","startHours":20.065531794712832,"endHours":21.764289401102015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:46","end":"23:28","startHours":21.764289401102015,"endHours":23.463047007491195,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:28","end":"01:10","startHours":23.463047007491195,"endHours":25.161804613880374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:10","end":"02:52","startHours":25.161804613880374,"endHours":26.860562220269557,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:52","end":"04:34","startHours":26.860562220269557,"endHours":28.559319826658736,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:34","end":"06:15","startHours":28.559319826658736,"endHours":30.258077433047916,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.258077433047917,"endHours":7.258077433047917,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.258077433047917,"endHours":8.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.258077433047916,"endHours":9.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.258077433047916,"endHours":10.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.258077433047916,"endHours":11.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.258077433047916,"endHours":12.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.258077433047916,"endHours":13.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.258077433047916,"endHours":14.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.258077433047916,"endHours":15.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.258077433047916,"endHours":16.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.258077433047916,"endHours":17.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.258077433047916,"endHours":18.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.258077433047916,"endHours":19.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.258077433047916,"endHours":20.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.258077433047916,"endHours":21.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.258077433047916,"endHours":22.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.258077433047916,"endHours":23.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.258077433047916,"endHours":24.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.258077433047916,"endHours":25.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.258077433047916,"endHours":26.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.258077433047916,"endHours":27.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.258077433047916,"endHours":28.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.258077433047916,"endHours":29.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.258077433047916,"endHours":30.258077433047916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.974207000294417,"eotMinutes":16.45277955052819,"ayanamsa":24.2418}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2084,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raudra","saka_samvat":1949,"saka_samvatsara":"Plavaṅga","bengali_samvat":1434,"malayalam_era":1203,"nanakshahi_year":558,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2084 Raudra · Śaka 1949 Plavaṅga"},"festivals":[{"id":"bhai-dooj","name":"Bhāi Dūja / Bhrātṛ Dvitīyā","name_sanskrit":"भ्रातृ द्वितीया","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Yama + Yamunā (sister-brother)","significance":"Yamunā's reception of brother Yama; sisters welcome brothers. Day 5 of Diwali.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":2,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Bhāi Dūja / Bhrātṛ Dvitīyā is not live yet; Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"boston"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 31, 2027 CE · Boston, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 31, 2027 CE for Boston, USA: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 16:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2027-10-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T18:15:47.933Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T18:15:47.933Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T18:15:47.933Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}