{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:boston:2020-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2020-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2020 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458849.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870384.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6465,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.3509,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":68.7044,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7044},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.3509,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.3509},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":219.9973},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":11,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2020,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458849.770833,"ahargana":1870384.2708,"kali_year":5121,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1324,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.933714,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.486214,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1201},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":214.01111400000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":250.06201399999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":252.568314,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":290.044314,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":267.218214,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":78.0404,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":258.0404,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458849.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870384.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6465,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.3509,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":68.7044,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.7044},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.3509,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.3509},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":219.9973},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":11,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.12,"elongation":68.704},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.12,"opposition_distance":111.296}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-6,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.726,"elongation":0.409},{"offset_days":10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.783,"opposition_distance":1.611}]},"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:14","sunsetLocal":"16:22","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":9.131678363788886,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 07 Mins 54 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 52 Mins 06 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:30","moonsetLocal":"21:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:48","end":"12:56","startHours":11.799012972056602,"endHours":12.940472767530213,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:22","end":"09:31","startHours":8.37463358563577,"endHours":9.516093381109382,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:39","end":"11:48","startHours":10.657553176582992,"endHours":11.799012972056602,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:22","end":"09:40","startHours":9.3638987417129,"endHours":9.668288020505862,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:51","startHours":7.613660388653363,"endHours":7.857171811687733,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:30","end":"12:06","startHours":11.49462369326364,"endHours":12.103402250849564,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:01","end":"06:37","startHours":6.015616674990309,"endHours":6.624395232576234,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:28","end":"07:14","startHours":6.472200593179752,"endHours":7.2331737901621596,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:19","end":"13:56","startHours":13.320959366021416,"endHours":13.929737923607341,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:10","end":"16:34","startHours":16.164852153951045,"endHours":16.564852153951044,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:22","end":"16:45","startHours":16.364852153951045,"endHours":16.745338752442247,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:07","end":"17:52","startHours":16.114852153951045,"endHours":17.864852153951045,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:30","end":"00:06","startHours":23.494623693263637,"endHours":24.103402250849566,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:14","end":"08:22","startHours":7.2331737901621596,"endHours":8.37463358563577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:22","end":"09:31","startHours":8.37463358563577,"endHours":9.516093381109382,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:31","end":"10:39","startHours":9.516093381109382,"endHours":10.657553176582992,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:39","end":"11:48","startHours":10.657553176582992,"endHours":11.799012972056602,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:48","end":"12:56","startHours":11.799012972056602,"endHours":12.940472767530213,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:56","end":"14:05","startHours":12.940472767530213,"endHours":14.081932563003825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:05","end":"15:13","startHours":14.081932563003825,"endHours":15.223392358477435,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:13","end":"16:22","startHours":15.223392358477435,"endHours":16.364852153951045,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:22","end":"18:13","startHours":16.364852153951045,"endHours":18.223392358477433,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"18:13","end":"20:05","startHours":18.223392358477433,"endHours":20.081932563003825,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:05","end":"21:56","startHours":20.081932563003825,"endHours":21.940472767530213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:56","end":"23:48","startHours":21.940472767530213,"endHours":23.7990129720566,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:48","end":"01:39","startHours":23.7990129720566,"endHours":25.65755317658299,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:39","end":"03:31","startHours":25.65755317658299,"endHours":27.51609338110938,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:31","end":"05:22","startHours":27.51609338110938,"endHours":29.37463358563577,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:22","end":"07:14","startHours":29.37463358563577,"endHours":31.23317379016216,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.2331737901621596,"endHours":8.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.233173790162159,"endHours":9.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.233173790162159,"endHours":10.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.233173790162159,"endHours":11.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.233173790162159,"endHours":12.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.233173790162159,"endHours":13.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.233173790162159,"endHours":14.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.233173790162159,"endHours":15.233173790162159,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.233173790162159,"endHours":16.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.23317379016216,"endHours":17.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.23317379016216,"endHours":18.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.23317379016216,"endHours":19.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.23317379016216,"endHours":20.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.23317379016216,"endHours":21.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.23317379016216,"endHours":22.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.23317379016216,"endHours":23.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.23317379016216,"endHours":24.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.23317379016216,"endHours":25.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.23317379016216,"endHours":26.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.23317379016216,"endHours":27.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.23317379016216,"endHours":28.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.23317379016216,"endHours":29.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.23317379016216,"endHours":30.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":30.23317379016216,"endHours":31.23317379016216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.05471891012744,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1324}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2077,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramādī","saka_samvat":1942,"saka_samvatsara":"Śārvarī","bengali_samvat":1427,"malayalam_era":1196,"nanakshahi_year":551,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2077 Pramādī · Śaka 1942 Śārvarī"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"boston"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2020 CE · Boston, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2020 CE for Boston, USA: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 07:14, sūryāsta 16:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2020-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T09:46:57.132Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T09:46:57.132Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T09:46:57.132Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}