{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:boston:2017-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0916,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2582050000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.07500500000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7549},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":337.741405,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":265.1903050000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":178.49470500000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":332.72440499999993,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":240.23880499999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":134.4692,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":314.4692,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"elongation":36.908},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"opposition_distance":143.092}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.052,"opposition_distance":1.908}]},"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:59","sunsetLocal":"16:56","solarNoonLocal":"11:58","dayLengthHours":9.953835053576917,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 57 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 02 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:39","moonsetLocal":"20:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:27","end":"15:42","startHours":14.451211905758262,"endHours":15.695441287455377,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:28","end":"10:43","startHours":9.474294378969804,"endHours":10.718523760666919,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:58","end":"13:12","startHours":11.962753142364033,"endHours":13.206982524061146,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:38","startHours":9.308397128076855,"endHours":9.640191629862752,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:24","end":"07:40","startHours":7.400578742807946,"endHours":7.666014344236664,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:18","startHours":11.630958640578136,"endHours":12.29454764414993,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:40","end":"06:19","startHours":5.6586576084319855,"endHours":6.32224661200378,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:09","end":"06:59","startHours":6.1563493611108315,"endHours":6.985835615575574,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:37","end":"14:17","startHours":13.62172565129352,"endHours":14.285314654865315,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:44","end":"17:08","startHours":16.739670669152492,"endHours":17.13967066915249,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:56","end":"17:21","startHours":16.93967066915249,"endHours":17.35441379638486,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:26","startHours":16.68967066915249,"endHours":18.43967066915249,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:18","startHours":23.630958640578136,"endHours":24.29454764414993,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:59","end":"08:14","startHours":6.985835615575574,"endHours":8.230064997272688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:14","end":"09:28","startHours":8.230064997272688,"endHours":9.474294378969804,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:28","end":"10:43","startHours":9.474294378969804,"endHours":10.718523760666919,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:43","end":"11:58","startHours":10.718523760666919,"endHours":11.962753142364033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:58","end":"13:12","startHours":11.962753142364033,"endHours":13.206982524061146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:12","end":"14:27","startHours":13.206982524061146,"endHours":14.451211905758262,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:27","end":"15:42","startHours":14.451211905758262,"endHours":15.695441287455377,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:42","end":"16:56","startHours":15.695441287455377,"endHours":16.93967066915249,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:56","end":"18:42","startHours":16.93967066915249,"endHours":18.695441287455377,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:42","end":"20:27","startHours":18.695441287455377,"endHours":20.451211905758264,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:27","end":"22:12","startHours":20.451211905758264,"endHours":22.206982524061146,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:12","end":"23:58","startHours":22.206982524061146,"endHours":23.962753142364033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:58","end":"01:43","startHours":23.962753142364033,"endHours":25.71852376066692,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:43","end":"03:28","startHours":25.71852376066692,"endHours":27.4742943789698,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:28","end":"05:14","startHours":27.4742943789698,"endHours":29.230064997272688,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:14","end":"06:59","startHours":29.230064997272688,"endHours":30.985835615575574,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.985835615575574,"endHours":7.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.985835615575574,"endHours":8.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.985835615575574,"endHours":9.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.985835615575574,"endHours":10.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.985835615575574,"endHours":11.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.985835615575574,"endHours":12.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.985835615575574,"endHours":13.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.985835615575574,"endHours":14.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.985835615575574,"endHours":15.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.985835615575574,"endHours":16.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.985835615575574,"endHours":17.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.985835615575574,"endHours":18.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.985835615575574,"endHours":19.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.985835615575574,"endHours":20.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.985835615575574,"endHours":21.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.985835615575574,"endHours":22.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.985835615575574,"endHours":23.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.985835615575574,"endHours":24.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.985835615575574,"endHours":25.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.985835615575574,"endHours":26.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.985835615575574,"endHours":27.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.985835615575574,"endHours":28.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.985835615575574,"endHours":29.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":29.985835615575574,"endHours":30.985835615575574,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.371964492598426,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0916}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"angarika-chaturthi","name":"Aṅgāraka Caturthī (Tuesday Caturthī)","name_sanskrit":"अङ्गारक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa + Maṅgala","significance":"Tuesday-Caturthī (rare); supremely auspicious for Maṅgala-doṣa-nivāraṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":4,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"},{"tithi_number":19,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}]},"precedence":3},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"boston"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2017 CE · Boston, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2017 CE for Boston, USA: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:59, sūryāsta 16:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2017-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T11:54:40.894Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T11:54:40.894Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T11:54:40.894Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}