{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:boston:2002-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452305.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863840.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.1075,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.7744,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":206.6669,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6669},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4411},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.8819},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452305.770833,"ahargana":1863840.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8821,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.102443,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":136.46774300000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2006},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":344.912843,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":279.731943,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":73.06184300000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":291.047243,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":44.106243000000006,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":64.773,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":244.773,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452305.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863840.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.1075,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.7744,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":206.6669,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6669},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4411},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.8819},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.201,"elongation":153.333},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.201,"opposition_distance":26.667}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"boston","name":"Boston, USA","lat":42.3601,"lon":-71.0589,"tz_offset_hours":-5,"country":"US","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:00","sunsetLocal":"16:56","solarNoonLocal":"11:58","dayLengthHours":9.940040796954415,"dayLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 56 Mins 24 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 03 Mins 36 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:24","moonsetLocal":"08:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:12","end":"14:27","startHours":13.205258241983334,"endHours":14.447763341602636,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:00","end":"08:14","startHours":6.992732743886824,"endHours":8.235237843506127,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:29","end":"10:43","startHours":9.477742943125428,"endHours":10.72024804274473,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:39","startHours":9.312075596509521,"endHours":9.643410289741336,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:24","end":"07:40","startHours":7.406901110426592,"endHours":7.671968865012043,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:18","startHours":11.63141844913222,"endHours":12.294087835595846,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:40","end":"06:20","startHours":5.667393970959569,"endHours":6.330063357423197,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:10","end":"07:00","startHours":6.164396010807289,"endHours":6.992732743886824,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:37","end":"14:17","startHours":13.619426608523101,"endHours":14.28209599498673,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:44","end":"17:08","startHours":16.73277354084124,"endHours":17.13277354084124,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:56","end":"17:21","startHours":16.93277354084124,"endHours":17.346941907381005,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:26","startHours":16.68277354084124,"endHours":18.43277354084124,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:18","startHours":23.63141844913222,"endHours":24.294087835595846,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:00","end":"08:14","startHours":6.992732743886824,"endHours":8.235237843506127,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:14","end":"09:29","startHours":8.235237843506127,"endHours":9.477742943125428,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:29","end":"10:43","startHours":9.477742943125428,"endHours":10.72024804274473,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:43","end":"11:58","startHours":10.72024804274473,"endHours":11.962753142364033,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:58","end":"13:12","startHours":11.962753142364033,"endHours":13.205258241983334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:12","end":"14:27","startHours":13.205258241983334,"endHours":14.447763341602636,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:27","end":"15:41","startHours":14.447763341602636,"endHours":15.690268441221937,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:41","end":"16:56","startHours":15.690268441221937,"endHours":16.93277354084124,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:56","end":"18:41","startHours":16.93277354084124,"endHours":18.69026844122194,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:41","end":"20:27","startHours":18.69026844122194,"endHours":20.447763341602634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:27","end":"22:12","startHours":20.447763341602634,"endHours":22.205258241983334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:12","end":"23:58","startHours":22.205258241983334,"endHours":23.962753142364033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:58","end":"01:43","startHours":23.962753142364033,"endHours":25.72024804274473,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:43","end":"03:29","startHours":25.72024804274473,"endHours":27.477742943125428,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:29","end":"05:14","startHours":27.477742943125428,"endHours":29.235237843506127,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:14","end":"07:00","startHours":29.235237843506127,"endHours":30.992732743886826,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:00","end":"08:00","startHours":6.992732743886824,"endHours":7.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:00","end":"09:00","startHours":7.992732743886824,"endHours":8.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:00","end":"10:00","startHours":8.992732743886824,"endHours":9.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:00","end":"11:00","startHours":9.992732743886824,"endHours":10.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:00","end":"12:00","startHours":10.992732743886824,"endHours":11.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:00","end":"13:00","startHours":11.992732743886824,"endHours":12.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:00","end":"14:00","startHours":12.992732743886824,"endHours":13.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:00","end":"15:00","startHours":13.992732743886824,"endHours":14.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:00","end":"16:00","startHours":14.992732743886824,"endHours":15.992732743886824,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:00","end":"17:00","startHours":15.992732743886824,"endHours":16.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:00","end":"18:00","startHours":16.992732743886826,"endHours":17.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:00","end":"19:00","startHours":17.992732743886826,"endHours":18.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:00","end":"20:00","startHours":18.992732743886826,"endHours":19.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:00","end":"21:00","startHours":19.992732743886826,"endHours":20.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:00","end":"22:00","startHours":20.992732743886826,"endHours":21.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:00","end":"23:00","startHours":21.992732743886826,"endHours":22.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:00","end":"00:00","startHours":22.992732743886826,"endHours":23.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:00","end":"01:00","startHours":23.992732743886826,"endHours":24.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:00","end":"02:00","startHours":24.992732743886826,"endHours":25.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:00","end":"03:00","startHours":25.992732743886826,"endHours":26.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:00","end":"04:00","startHours":26.992732743886826,"endHours":27.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:00","end":"05:00","startHours":27.992732743886826,"endHours":28.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:00","end":"06:00","startHours":28.992732743886826,"endHours":29.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:00","end":"07:00","startHours":29.992732743886826,"endHours":30.992732743886826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-17.472191760408723,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.8821}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"boston"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2002 CE · Boston, USA · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2002 CE for Boston, USA: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 07:00, sūryāsta 16:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/boston/2002-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T07:22:32.550Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T07:22:32.550Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T07:22:32.550Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}