{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:bhavnagar:2028-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461790.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873325.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.096,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.3382,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":282.2422,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2422},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.3382,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6715},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4341},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461790.770833,"ahargana":1873325.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2449,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.239047,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":200.38164699999993,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.482},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":288.22904700000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":293.39524700000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":152.985947,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":313.48444700000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":357.461347,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":282.2121,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":102.2121,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461790.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873325.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.096,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.3382,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":282.2422,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2422},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.3382,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.6715},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4341},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.482,"elongation":77.758},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.482,"opposition_distance":102.242}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:22","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:52","dayLengthHours":10.998986451269598,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:17","moonsetLocal":"13:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:15","end":"15:37","startHours":14.247485028695856,"endHours":15.622358335104554,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:22","end":"08:45","startHours":7.3731184966523555,"endHours":8.747991803061055,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:07","end":"11:30","startHours":10.122865109469755,"endHours":11.497738415878455,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:56","end":"10:18","startHours":9.939548668615261,"endHours":10.306181550324249,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:50","end":"08:07","startHours":7.831409598788589,"endHours":8.124715904155778,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:30","end":"13:14","startHours":12.50597884057817,"endHours":13.239244603996141,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:54","end":"06:38","startHours":5.906586969816409,"endHours":6.639852733234382,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:27","end":"07:22","startHours":6.456536292379889,"endHours":7.3731184966523555,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:42","end":"15:26","startHours":14.705776130832088,"endHours":15.439041894250062,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.172104947921955,"endHours":18.572104947921954,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:50","startHours":18.372104947921954,"endHours":18.830396050058187,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.122104947921954,"endHours":19.872104947921954,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:30","end":"01:14","startHours":24.505978840578166,"endHours":25.23924460399614,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:22","end":"08:45","startHours":7.3731184966523555,"endHours":8.747991803061055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:45","end":"10:07","startHours":8.747991803061055,"endHours":10.122865109469755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:07","end":"11:30","startHours":10.122865109469755,"endHours":11.497738415878455,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:30","end":"12:52","startHours":11.497738415878455,"endHours":12.872611722287154,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:52","end":"14:15","startHours":12.872611722287154,"endHours":14.247485028695856,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:15","end":"15:37","startHours":14.247485028695856,"endHours":15.622358335104554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:37","end":"17:00","startHours":15.622358335104554,"endHours":16.997231641513252,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:00","end":"18:22","startHours":16.997231641513252,"endHours":18.372104947921954,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:22","end":"20:00","startHours":18.372104947921954,"endHours":19.997231641513256,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:00","end":"21:37","startHours":19.997231641513256,"endHours":21.622358335104554,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:37","end":"23:15","startHours":21.622358335104554,"endHours":23.247485028695856,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:15","end":"00:52","startHours":23.247485028695856,"endHours":24.872611722287154,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:52","end":"02:30","startHours":24.872611722287154,"endHours":26.497738415878455,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:30","end":"04:07","startHours":26.497738415878455,"endHours":28.122865109469757,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:07","end":"05:45","startHours":28.122865109469757,"endHours":29.747991803061055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:45","end":"07:22","startHours":29.747991803061055,"endHours":31.373118496652356,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.3731184966523555,"endHours":8.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.373118496652356,"endHours":9.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.373118496652356,"endHours":10.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.373118496652356,"endHours":11.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.373118496652356,"endHours":12.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.373118496652356,"endHours":13.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.373118496652356,"endHours":14.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.373118496652356,"endHours":15.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.373118496652356,"endHours":16.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.373118496652356,"endHours":17.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.373118496652356,"endHours":18.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.373118496652356,"endHours":19.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.373118496652356,"endHours":20.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.373118496652356,"endHours":21.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.373118496652356,"endHours":22.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.373118496652356,"endHours":23.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.373118496652356,"endHours":24.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.373118496652356,"endHours":25.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.373118496652356,"endHours":26.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.373118496652356,"endHours":27.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.373118496652356,"endHours":28.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.373118496652356,"endHours":29.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.373118496652356,"endHours":30.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":30.373118496652356,"endHours":31.373118496652356,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.25650511581718,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":24.2449}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"bhavnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 2028 CE · Bhavnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 2028 CE for Bhavnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 07:22, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2028-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:18:12.747Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:18:12.747Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T12:18:12.747Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}