{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:bhavnagar:2025-04-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-04-23","date_display":"April 23, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460788.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872323.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.9837,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":306.3606,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.3769,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.3769},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":306.3606,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0272},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":315.3442},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460788.770833,"ahargana":1872323.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2065,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.94353000000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":303.40653,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.176},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.44533000000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":341.30192999999997,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":55.54683,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":331.93123,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":332.90193,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":335.3029,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":155.3029,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":4,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460788.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872323.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":8.9837,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":306.3606,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":297.3769,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.3769},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":306.3606,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.0272},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":315.3442},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":49,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.176,"elongation":62.623},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.176,"opposition_distance":117.377}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:16","sunsetLocal":"19:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:40","dayLengthHours":12.803640474010415,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 48 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 11 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:35","moonsetLocal":"14:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:40","end":"14:16","startHours":12.663163520923092,"endHours":14.263618580174395,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:52","end":"09:28","startHours":7.861798343169188,"endHours":9.46225340242049,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:40","startHours":11.062708461671791,"endHours":12.663163520923092,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:15","end":"09:41","startHours":9.248859394520316,"endHours":9.675647410320662,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:48","end":"07:08","startHours":6.79482830366832,"endHours":7.136258716308597,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"13:05","startHours":12.236375505122744,"endHours":13.08995153672344,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:33","end":"05:24","startHours":4.554191220716497,"endHours":5.407767252317192,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:12","end":"06:16","startHours":5.194373244417018,"endHours":6.261343283917886,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:39","startHours":14.797103599924828,"endHours":15.650679631525522,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:52","end":"19:16","startHours":18.8649837579283,"endHours":19.2649837579283,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:04","end":"19:36","startHours":19.0649837579283,"endHours":19.598468777678733,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:49","end":"20:34","startHours":18.8149837579283,"endHours":20.5649837579283,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"01:05","startHours":24.236375505122744,"endHours":25.08995153672344,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:16","end":"07:52","startHours":6.261343283917886,"endHours":7.861798343169188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:52","end":"09:28","startHours":7.861798343169188,"endHours":9.46225340242049,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:28","end":"11:04","startHours":9.46225340242049,"endHours":11.062708461671791,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:04","end":"12:40","startHours":11.062708461671791,"endHours":12.663163520923092,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:40","end":"14:16","startHours":12.663163520923092,"endHours":14.263618580174395,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.263618580174395,"endHours":15.864073639425698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:52","end":"17:28","startHours":15.864073639425698,"endHours":17.464528698676997,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:28","end":"19:04","startHours":17.464528698676997,"endHours":19.0649837579283,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:04","end":"20:28","startHours":19.0649837579283,"endHours":20.464528698676997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:28","end":"21:52","startHours":20.464528698676997,"endHours":21.864073639425698,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.864073639425698,"endHours":23.263618580174395,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:16","end":"00:40","startHours":23.263618580174395,"endHours":24.663163520923092,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:40","end":"02:04","startHours":24.663163520923092,"endHours":26.06270846167179,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:04","end":"03:28","startHours":26.06270846167179,"endHours":27.462253402420487,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:28","end":"04:52","startHours":27.462253402420487,"endHours":28.861798343169188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:52","end":"06:16","startHours":28.861798343169188,"endHours":30.261343283917885,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.261343283917886,"endHours":7.261343283917886,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.261343283917886,"endHours":8.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.261343283917885,"endHours":9.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.261343283917885,"endHours":10.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.261343283917885,"endHours":11.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.261343283917885,"endHours":12.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.261343283917885,"endHours":13.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.261343283917885,"endHours":14.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.261343283917885,"endHours":15.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.261343283917885,"endHours":16.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.261343283917885,"endHours":17.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.261343283917885,"endHours":18.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.261343283917885,"endHours":19.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.261343283917885,"endHours":20.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.261343283917885,"endHours":21.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.261343283917885,"endHours":22.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.261343283917885,"endHours":23.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.261343283917885,"endHours":24.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.261343283917885,"endHours":25.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.261343283917885,"endHours":26.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.261343283917885,"endHours":27.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.261343283917885,"endHours":28.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.261343283917885,"endHours":29.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":29.261343283917885,"endHours":30.261343283917885,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":12.561846730316178,"eotMinutes":1.6025887446145586,"ayanamsa":24.2065}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"bhavnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 23, 2025 CE · Bhavnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 23, 2025 CE for Bhavnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:16, sūryāsta 19:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2025-04-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T16:13:12.826Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-27T16:13:12.826Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-27T16:13:12.826Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}