{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:bhavnagar:2017-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0916,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2582050000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.07500500000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7549},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":337.741405,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":265.1903050000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":178.49470500000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":332.72440499999993,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":240.23880499999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":134.4692,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":314.4692,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457784.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869319.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.2288,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.137,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":36.9082,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9082},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":324.137,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.137},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":251.3658},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"elongation":36.908},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.755,"opposition_distance":143.092}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.052,"opposition_distance":1.908}]},"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:20","sunsetLocal":"18:30","solarNoonLocal":"12:55","dayLengthHours":11.169473382644854,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 10 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 49 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:27","moonsetLocal":"21:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:06","startHours":15.707734821358581,"endHours":17.103918994189186,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:07","end":"11:31","startHours":10.122998130036153,"endHours":11.51918230286676,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:55","end":"14:19","startHours":12.915366475697368,"endHours":14.311550648527973,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:56","end":"10:19","startHours":9.936840240325406,"endHours":10.3091560197469,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:48","end":"08:06","startHours":7.796024508651809,"endHours":8.093877132189006,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:33","end":"13:17","startHours":12.543050696275873,"endHours":13.287682255118863,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:50","end":"06:35","startHours":5.84136666668896,"endHours":6.58599822553195,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:24","end":"07:20","startHours":6.399840335821202,"endHours":7.33062978437494,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:31","startHours":14.776945372804843,"endHours":15.521576931647832,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:18","end":"18:42","startHours":18.300103167019795,"endHours":18.700103167019794,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:30","end":"18:58","startHours":18.500103167019795,"endHours":18.965497891296664,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:15","end":"20:00","startHours":18.250103167019795,"endHours":20.000103167019795,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:33","end":"01:17","startHours":24.543050696275873,"endHours":25.287682255118863,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:20","end":"08:44","startHours":7.33062978437494,"endHours":8.726813957205547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:44","end":"10:07","startHours":8.726813957205547,"endHours":10.122998130036153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:07","end":"11:31","startHours":10.122998130036153,"endHours":11.51918230286676,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:31","end":"12:55","startHours":11.51918230286676,"endHours":12.915366475697368,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:55","end":"14:19","startHours":12.915366475697368,"endHours":14.311550648527973,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:19","end":"15:42","startHours":14.311550648527973,"endHours":15.707734821358581,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:42","end":"17:06","startHours":15.707734821358581,"endHours":17.103918994189186,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:06","end":"18:30","startHours":17.103918994189186,"endHours":18.500103167019795,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:30","end":"20:06","startHours":18.500103167019795,"endHours":20.103918994189186,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:06","end":"21:42","startHours":20.103918994189186,"endHours":21.70773482135858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:42","end":"23:19","startHours":21.70773482135858,"endHours":23.311550648527973,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:19","end":"00:55","startHours":23.311550648527973,"endHours":24.91536647569737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:55","end":"02:31","startHours":24.91536647569737,"endHours":26.51918230286676,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:31","end":"04:07","startHours":26.51918230286676,"endHours":28.12299813003615,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:07","end":"05:44","startHours":28.12299813003615,"endHours":29.726813957205547,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:44","end":"07:20","startHours":29.726813957205547,"endHours":31.330629784374942,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.33062978437494,"endHours":8.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.33062978437494,"endHours":9.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.33062978437494,"endHours":10.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.33062978437494,"endHours":11.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.33062978437494,"endHours":12.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.33062978437494,"endHours":13.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.33062978437494,"endHours":14.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.33062978437494,"endHours":15.33062978437494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.33062978437494,"endHours":16.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.330629784374942,"endHours":17.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.330629784374942,"endHours":18.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.330629784374942,"endHours":19.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.330629784374942,"endHours":20.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.330629784374942,"endHours":21.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.330629784374942,"endHours":22.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.330629784374942,"endHours":23.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.330629784374942,"endHours":24.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.330629784374942,"endHours":25.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.330629784374942,"endHours":26.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.330629784374942,"endHours":27.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.330629784374942,"endHours":28.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.330629784374942,"endHours":29.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.330629784374942,"endHours":30.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":30.330629784374942,"endHours":31.330629784374942,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-17.371964492598426,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0916}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"angarika-chaturthi","name":"Aṅgāraka Caturthī (Tuesday Caturthī)","name_sanskrit":"अङ्गारक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa + Maṅgala","significance":"Tuesday-Caturthī (rare); supremely auspicious for Maṅgala-doṣa-nivāraṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":4,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"},{"tithi_number":19,"vara_name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}]},"precedence":3},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"bhavnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2017 CE · Bhavnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2017 CE for Bhavnagar, Gujarat: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:20, sūryāsta 18:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/2017-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T14:55:00.093Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T14:55:00.093Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T14:55:00.093Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}