{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:bhavnagar:1997-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8134,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.67920200000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.252302,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6492},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":158.67100200000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":307.77140199999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":285.049802,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.6036019999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":342.769502,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.9867,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"elongation":102.639},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"opposition_distance":77.361}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"elongation":0.078}]},"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:03","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:54","dayLengthHours":11.711874843203194,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 42 Mins 43 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 17 Mins 17 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:17","moonsetLocal":"11:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:59","end":"11:27","startHours":9.979290291817781,"endHours":11.443274647218182,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:22","end":"15:50","startHours":14.37124335801898,"endHours":15.835227713419378,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:03","end":"08:31","startHours":7.051321581016983,"endHours":8.515305936417382,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:47","end":"10:10","startHours":9.784092377764395,"endHours":10.174488205871167,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:32","end":"07:51","startHours":7.539316366150449,"endHours":7.8516330286358675,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:31","end":"13:18","startHours":12.516863174511807,"endHours":13.297654830725351,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:29","end":"06:16","startHours":5.48973826858989,"endHours":6.270529924803436,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:05","end":"07:03","startHours":6.07533201075005,"endHours":7.051321581016983,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:52","end":"15:38","startHours":14.859238143152446,"endHours":15.640029799365992,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.563196424220177,"endHours":18.963196424220175,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:15","startHours":18.763196424220176,"endHours":19.251191209353642,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.513196424220176,"endHours":20.263196424220176,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:31","end":"01:18","startHours":24.51686317451181,"endHours":25.297654830725353,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:03","end":"08:31","startHours":7.051321581016983,"endHours":8.515305936417382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:31","end":"09:59","startHours":8.515305936417382,"endHours":9.979290291817781,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:59","end":"11:27","startHours":9.979290291817781,"endHours":11.443274647218182,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:27","end":"12:54","startHours":11.443274647218182,"endHours":12.90725900261858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:54","end":"14:22","startHours":12.90725900261858,"endHours":14.37124335801898,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:22","end":"15:50","startHours":14.37124335801898,"endHours":15.835227713419378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:50","end":"17:18","startHours":15.835227713419378,"endHours":17.299212068819777,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"18:46","startHours":17.299212068819777,"endHours":18.763196424220176,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:46","end":"20:18","startHours":18.763196424220176,"endHours":20.299212068819777,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:18","end":"21:50","startHours":20.299212068819777,"endHours":21.83522771341938,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:50","end":"23:22","startHours":21.83522771341938,"endHours":23.37124335801898,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:22","end":"00:54","startHours":23.37124335801898,"endHours":24.90725900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:54","end":"02:27","startHours":24.90725900261858,"endHours":26.443274647218182,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"03:59","startHours":26.443274647218182,"endHours":27.97929029181778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:59","end":"05:31","startHours":27.97929029181778,"endHours":29.51530593641738,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:31","end":"07:03","startHours":29.51530593641738,"endHours":31.051321581016982,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.051321581016983,"endHours":8.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.051321581016982,"endHours":9.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.051321581016982,"endHours":10.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.051321581016982,"endHours":11.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.051321581016982,"endHours":12.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.051321581016982,"endHours":13.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.051321581016982,"endHours":14.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.051321581016982,"endHours":15.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.051321581016982,"endHours":16.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.051321581016982,"endHours":17.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.051321581016982,"endHours":18.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.051321581016982,"endHours":19.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.051321581016982,"endHours":20.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.051321581016982,"endHours":21.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.051321581016982,"endHours":22.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.051321581016982,"endHours":23.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.051321581016982,"endHours":24.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.051321581016982,"endHours":25.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.051321581016982,"endHours":26.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.051321581016982,"endHours":27.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.051321581016982,"endHours":28.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.051321581016982,"endHours":29.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":29.051321581016982,"endHours":30.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":30.051321581016982,"endHours":31.051321581016982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-7.63224644254681,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.8134}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"bhavnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 1997 CE · Bhavnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 1997 CE for Bhavnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 07:03, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1997-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T19:15:20.027Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T19:15:20.027Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T19:15:20.027Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}