{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:bhavnagar:1978-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443509.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855044.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.5386,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.8187,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":256.2801,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2801},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":152.8187,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.152},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":49.3573},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443509.770833,"ahargana":1855044.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5457,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.7192150000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":149.337915,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.3899},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":105.81321500000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.7726150000001,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":66.058715,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":251.97561500000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":126.57401499999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":170.8274,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":350.8274,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443509.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855044.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.5386,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.8187,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":256.2801,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2801},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":152.8187,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.152},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":49.3573},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.39,"elongation":103.72},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.39,"opposition_distance":76.28}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"bhavnagar","name":"Bhavnagar, Gujarat","lat":21.7645,"lon":72.1519,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Gujarat","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:20","sunsetLocal":"18:10","solarNoonLocal":"12:45","dayLengthHours":10.828200983940237,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 49 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 10 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:29","moonsetLocal":"11:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:49","end":"18:10","startHours":16.81220167436752,"endHours":18.16572679736005,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:45","end":"14:06","startHours":12.751626305389934,"endHours":14.105151428382463,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:28","end":"16:49","startHours":15.458676551374992,"endHours":16.81220167436752,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:52","end":"10:14","startHours":9.864106043005869,"endHours":10.225046075803878,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:47","end":"08:05","startHours":7.788700854417324,"endHours":8.07745288065573,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:23","end":"13:07","startHours":12.390686272591926,"endHours":13.112566338187941,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:54","end":"06:37","startHours":5.893765682227783,"endHours":6.615645747823798,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:26","end":"07:20","startHours":6.435175731424795,"endHours":7.3375258134198145,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:33","end":"15:17","startHours":14.556326469379972,"endHours":15.278206534975988,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:58","end":"18:22","startHours":17.965726797360052,"endHours":18.36572679736005,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:10","end":"18:37","startHours":18.16572679736005,"endHours":18.61690183835756,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:55","end":"19:40","startHours":17.91572679736005,"endHours":19.66572679736005,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:23","end":"01:07","startHours":24.390686272591925,"endHours":25.112566338187943,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:20","end":"08:41","startHours":7.3375258134198145,"endHours":8.691050936412344,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:41","end":"10:03","startHours":8.691050936412344,"endHours":10.044576059404873,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:03","end":"11:24","startHours":10.044576059404873,"endHours":11.398101182397404,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:24","end":"12:45","startHours":11.398101182397404,"endHours":12.751626305389934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:45","end":"14:06","startHours":12.751626305389934,"endHours":14.105151428382463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:28","startHours":14.105151428382463,"endHours":15.458676551374992,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:28","end":"16:49","startHours":15.458676551374992,"endHours":16.81220167436752,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:49","end":"18:10","startHours":16.81220167436752,"endHours":18.16572679736005,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:10","end":"19:49","startHours":18.16572679736005,"endHours":19.81220167436752,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:49","end":"21:28","startHours":19.81220167436752,"endHours":21.458676551374992,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:28","end":"23:06","startHours":21.458676551374992,"endHours":23.105151428382463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:45","startHours":23.105151428382463,"endHours":24.751626305389934,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:45","end":"02:24","startHours":24.751626305389934,"endHours":26.398101182397404,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:24","end":"04:03","startHours":26.398101182397404,"endHours":28.044576059404875,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:03","end":"05:41","startHours":28.044576059404875,"endHours":29.691050936412346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:41","end":"07:20","startHours":29.691050936412346,"endHours":31.337525813419816,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.3375258134198145,"endHours":8.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.337525813419814,"endHours":9.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.337525813419814,"endHours":10.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.337525813419814,"endHours":11.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.337525813419814,"endHours":12.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.337525813419814,"endHours":13.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.337525813419814,"endHours":14.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.337525813419814,"endHours":15.337525813419814,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.337525813419814,"endHours":16.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.337525813419816,"endHours":17.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.337525813419816,"endHours":18.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.337525813419816,"endHours":19.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.337525813419816,"endHours":20.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.337525813419816,"endHours":21.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.337525813419816,"endHours":22.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.337525813419816,"endHours":23.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.337525813419816,"endHours":24.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.337525813419816,"endHours":25.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.337525813419816,"endHours":26.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.337525813419816,"endHours":27.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.337525813419816,"endHours":28.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.337525813419816,"endHours":29.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":29.337525813419816,"endHours":30.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":30.337525813419816,"endHours":31.337525813419816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.03955326168032,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":23.5457}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"bhavnagar"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 1978 CE · Bhavnagar, Gujarat · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 1978 CE for Bhavnagar, Gujarat: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 07:20, sūryāsta 18:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/bhavnagar/1978-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T18:05:23.872Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T18:05:23.872Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T18:05:23.872Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}