{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2028-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461889.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873424.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.0453,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":53.322,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":39.2767,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2767},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":53.322,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.322},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":67.3674},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461889.770833,"ahargana":1873424.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2486,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.037063999999987,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":52.54566399999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1041},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":5.416464000000019,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":30.38026400000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":143.525664,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":52.143564000000026,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":7.666064000000006,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":276.9666,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":96.9666,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461889.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873424.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.0453,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":53.322,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":39.2767,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.2767},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":53.322,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.322},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":67.3674},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.104,"elongation":39.277},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.104,"opposition_distance":140.723}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:40","sunsetLocal":"19:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:04","dayLengthHours":14.782779933985708,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 46 Mins 58 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 13 Mins 02 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:20","moonsetLocal":"22:56","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:13","end":"12:04","startHours":10.216946338994791,"endHours":12.064793830743003,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:46","end":"17:37","startHours":15.76048881423943,"endHours":17.608336305987645,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:31","end":"08:22","startHours":6.5212513554983635,"endHours":8.369098847246576,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:07","end":"08:37","startHours":8.122719181680148,"endHours":8.615478512813006,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:17","end":"05:41","startHours":5.2893530276662215,"endHours":5.683560492572507,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:34","end":"12:33","startHours":11.572034499610146,"endHours":12.55755316187586,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:42","end":"03:41","startHours":2.7023665392187226,"endHours":3.6878852014844363,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:26","end":"04:40","startHours":3.441505535918008,"endHours":4.67340386375015,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:32","end":"15:31","startHours":14.528590486407289,"endHours":15.514109148673002,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:15","end":"19:39","startHours":19.256183797735858,"endHours":19.656183797735856,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:27","end":"20:04","startHours":19.456183797735857,"endHours":20.072132961651928,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:12","end":"20:57","startHours":19.206183797735857,"endHours":20.956183797735857,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:34","end":"00:33","startHours":23.572034499610147,"endHours":24.55755316187586,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"04:40","end":"06:31","startHours":4.67340386375015,"endHours":6.5212513554983635,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:31","end":"08:22","startHours":6.5212513554983635,"endHours":8.369098847246576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:22","end":"10:13","startHours":8.369098847246576,"endHours":10.216946338994791,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:13","end":"12:04","startHours":10.216946338994791,"endHours":12.064793830743003,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:04","end":"13:55","startHours":12.064793830743003,"endHours":13.912641322491218,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:55","end":"15:46","startHours":13.912641322491218,"endHours":15.76048881423943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:46","end":"17:37","startHours":15.76048881423943,"endHours":17.608336305987645,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:37","end":"19:27","startHours":17.608336305987645,"endHours":19.456183797735857,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:27","end":"20:37","startHours":19.456183797735857,"endHours":20.608336305987642,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:37","end":"21:46","startHours":20.608336305987642,"endHours":21.76048881423943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:46","end":"22:55","startHours":21.76048881423943,"endHours":22.91264132249122,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:55","end":"00:04","startHours":22.91264132249122,"endHours":24.064793830743003,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:04","end":"01:13","startHours":24.064793830743003,"endHours":25.216946338994788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:13","end":"02:22","startHours":25.216946338994788,"endHours":26.369098847246576,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:22","end":"03:31","startHours":26.369098847246576,"endHours":27.521251355498364,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:31","end":"04:40","startHours":27.521251355498364,"endHours":28.67340386375015,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":4.67340386375015,"endHours":5.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.67340386375015,"endHours":6.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.67340386375015,"endHours":7.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.67340386375015,"endHours":8.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.67340386375015,"endHours":9.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.67340386375015,"endHours":10.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.67340386375015,"endHours":11.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.67340386375015,"endHours":12.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.67340386375015,"endHours":13.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.67340386375015,"endHours":14.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.67340386375015,"endHours":15.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.67340386375015,"endHours":16.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.67340386375015,"endHours":17.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.67340386375015,"endHours":18.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.67340386375015,"endHours":19.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.67340386375015,"endHours":20.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.67340386375015,"endHours":21.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.67340386375015,"endHours":22.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.67340386375015,"endHours":23.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.67340386375015,"endHours":24.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.67340386375015,"endHours":25.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.67340386375015,"endHours":26.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.67340386375015,"endHours":27.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.67340386375015,"endHours":28.67340386375015,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.266247695861201,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":24.2486}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly) is not live yet; Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2028 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2028 CE for Berlin, Germany: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 04:40, sūryāsta 19:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:34:21.428Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-07-26T07:34:21.428Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-07-26T07:34:21.428Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no founder-city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","Divyāṁśa-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}