{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2028-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461831.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873366.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8183,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.0049,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.1866,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1866},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.0049,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0049},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.8232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461831.770833,"ahargana":1873366.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2464,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.73047999999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.380080000000021,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4994},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":320.61618,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":289.5738799999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":149.65718000000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":1.2131800000000226,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6815799999999967,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":280.0397,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":100.0397,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461831.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873366.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8183,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":11.0049,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":54.1866,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1866},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":11.0049,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0049},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.8232},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.499,"elongation":54.187},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.499,"opposition_distance":125.813}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:53","sunsetLocal":"17:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":10.877423821844385,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 52 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 07 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:33","moonsetLocal":"22:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:19","end":"13:41","startHours":12.32371900261858,"endHours":13.683396980349128,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:15","end":"09:36","startHours":8.244685069426936,"endHours":9.604363047157484,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:58","end":"12:19","startHours":10.964041024888031,"endHours":12.32371900261858,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:47","startHours":9.423072650126743,"endHours":9.785653444188224,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:20","end":"07:38","startHours":7.338233084273236,"endHours":7.62829771952242,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:41","startHours":11.9611382085571,"endHours":12.686299796680059,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:26","end":"06:10","startHours":5.434683915450469,"endHours":6.159845503573428,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:59","end":"06:53","startHours":5.9785551065426885,"endHours":6.885007091696387,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:52","startHours":14.136622972925977,"endHours":14.861784561048935,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:34","end":"17:58","startHours":17.562430913540773,"endHours":17.96243091354077,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:46","end":"18:13","startHours":17.762430913540772,"endHours":18.215656906117623,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:31","end":"19:16","startHours":17.512430913540772,"endHours":19.262430913540772,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:41","startHours":23.961138208557102,"endHours":24.68629979668006,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:53","end":"08:15","startHours":6.885007091696387,"endHours":8.244685069426936,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:15","end":"09:36","startHours":8.244685069426936,"endHours":9.604363047157484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:36","end":"10:58","startHours":9.604363047157484,"endHours":10.964041024888031,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:58","end":"12:19","startHours":10.964041024888031,"endHours":12.32371900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:19","end":"13:41","startHours":12.32371900261858,"endHours":13.683396980349128,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:41","end":"15:03","startHours":13.683396980349128,"endHours":15.043074958079675,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:03","end":"16:24","startHours":15.043074958079675,"endHours":16.402752935810224,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:24","end":"17:46","startHours":16.402752935810224,"endHours":17.762430913540772,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:46","end":"19:24","startHours":17.762430913540772,"endHours":19.402752935810224,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:24","end":"21:03","startHours":19.402752935810224,"endHours":21.043074958079675,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:03","end":"22:41","startHours":21.043074958079675,"endHours":22.68339698034913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:41","end":"00:19","startHours":22.68339698034913,"endHours":24.32371900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:19","end":"01:58","startHours":24.32371900261858,"endHours":25.964041024888033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:58","end":"03:36","startHours":25.964041024888033,"endHours":27.604363047157484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:36","end":"05:15","startHours":27.604363047157484,"endHours":29.244685069426936,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:15","end":"06:53","startHours":29.244685069426936,"endHours":30.885007091696387,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:53","end":"07:53","startHours":6.885007091696387,"endHours":7.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:53","end":"08:53","startHours":7.885007091696387,"endHours":8.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:53","end":"09:53","startHours":8.885007091696387,"endHours":9.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:53","end":"10:53","startHours":9.885007091696387,"endHours":10.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:53","end":"11:53","startHours":10.885007091696387,"endHours":11.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:53","end":"12:53","startHours":11.885007091696387,"endHours":12.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:53","end":"13:53","startHours":12.885007091696387,"endHours":13.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:53","end":"14:53","startHours":13.885007091696387,"endHours":14.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:53","end":"15:53","startHours":14.885007091696387,"endHours":15.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:53","end":"16:53","startHours":15.885007091696387,"endHours":16.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:53","end":"17:53","startHours":16.885007091696387,"endHours":17.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:53","end":"18:53","startHours":17.885007091696387,"endHours":18.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:53","end":"19:53","startHours":18.885007091696387,"endHours":19.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:53","end":"20:53","startHours":19.885007091696387,"endHours":20.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:53","end":"21:53","startHours":20.885007091696387,"endHours":21.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:53","end":"22:53","startHours":21.885007091696387,"endHours":22.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:53","end":"23:53","startHours":22.885007091696387,"endHours":23.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:53","end":"00:53","startHours":23.885007091696387,"endHours":24.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:53","end":"01:53","startHours":24.885007091696387,"endHours":25.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:53","end":"02:53","startHours":25.885007091696387,"endHours":26.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:53","end":"03:53","startHours":26.885007091696387,"endHours":27.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:53","end":"04:53","startHours":27.885007091696387,"endHours":28.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:53","end":"05:53","startHours":28.885007091696387,"endHours":29.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:53","end":"06:53","startHours":29.885007091696387,"endHours":30.885007091696387,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.448833824888882,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.2464}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2028 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2028 CE for Berlin, Germany: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:53, sūryāsta 17:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2028-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:28:52.927Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:28:52.927Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:28:52.927Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}