{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2025-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2045,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4984549999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":330.27335500000004,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7611},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":82.58455500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":331.768555,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":48.02415500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":346.335255,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":326.589155,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":338.1111,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":158.1111,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460735.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872270.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5931,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":328.3639,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.7709,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7709},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":328.3639,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3639},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":284.957},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"elongation":11.771},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.761,"opposition_distance":168.229}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":13,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.722,"opposition_distance":1.445}]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:54","sunsetLocal":"17:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":10.858901909554216,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:22","moonsetLocal":"19:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:37","end":"10:58","startHours":9.608993525230026,"endHours":10.966356263924304,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:41","end":"15:02","startHours":13.681081741312859,"endHours":15.038444480007133,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:54","end":"08:15","startHours":6.894268047841472,"endHours":8.251630786535749,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:47","startHours":9.428011826737457,"endHours":9.789975223722596,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:21","end":"07:38","startHours":7.346722294072898,"endHours":7.636293011661011,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:41","startHours":11.961755605633439,"endHours":12.68568239960372,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:27","end":"06:10","startHours":5.44641445990091,"endHours":6.170341253871191,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:59","end":"06:54","startHours":5.989359555378621,"endHours":6.894268047841472,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:51","startHours":14.133535987544283,"endHours":14.857462781514563,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:33","end":"17:57","startHours":17.55316995739569,"endHours":17.953169957395687,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:45","end":"18:12","startHours":17.753169957395688,"endHours":18.205624203627114,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:30","end":"19:15","startHours":17.503169957395688,"endHours":19.253169957395688,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:41","startHours":23.961755605633442,"endHours":24.68568239960372,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:54","end":"08:15","startHours":6.894268047841472,"endHours":8.251630786535749,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:15","end":"09:37","startHours":8.251630786535749,"endHours":9.608993525230026,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:37","end":"10:58","startHours":9.608993525230026,"endHours":10.966356263924304,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:58","end":"12:19","startHours":10.966356263924304,"endHours":12.323719002618581,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:19","end":"13:41","startHours":12.323719002618581,"endHours":13.681081741312859,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:41","end":"15:02","startHours":13.681081741312859,"endHours":15.038444480007133,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:02","end":"16:24","startHours":15.038444480007133,"endHours":16.39580721870141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:24","end":"17:45","startHours":16.39580721870141,"endHours":17.753169957395688,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:45","end":"19:24","startHours":17.753169957395688,"endHours":19.39580721870141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:24","end":"21:02","startHours":19.39580721870141,"endHours":21.038444480007133,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:02","end":"22:41","startHours":21.038444480007133,"endHours":22.68108174131286,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:41","end":"00:19","startHours":22.68108174131286,"endHours":24.32371900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:19","end":"01:58","startHours":24.32371900261858,"endHours":25.966356263924304,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:58","end":"03:37","startHours":25.966356263924304,"endHours":27.608993525230026,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:37","end":"05:15","startHours":27.608993525230026,"endHours":29.25163078653575,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:15","end":"06:54","startHours":29.25163078653575,"endHours":30.89426804784147,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.894268047841472,"endHours":7.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.894268047841472,"endHours":8.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.894268047841472,"endHours":9.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.894268047841472,"endHours":10.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.894268047841472,"endHours":11.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.894268047841472,"endHours":12.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.894268047841472,"endHours":13.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.894268047841472,"endHours":14.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.894268047841472,"endHours":15.894268047841472,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.894268047841472,"endHours":16.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.89426804784147,"endHours":17.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.89426804784147,"endHours":18.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.89426804784147,"endHours":19.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.89426804784147,"endHours":20.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.89426804784147,"endHours":21.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.89426804784147,"endHours":22.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.89426804784147,"endHours":23.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.89426804784147,"endHours":24.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.89426804784147,"endHours":25.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.89426804784147,"endHours":26.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.89426804784147,"endHours":27.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.89426804784147,"endHours":28.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.89426804784147,"endHours":29.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":29.89426804784147,"endHours":30.89426804784147,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.552635623858231,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.2045}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2025 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2025 CE for Berlin, Germany: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:54, sūryāsta 17:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:23:16.863Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:23:16.863Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:23:16.863Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}