{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2025-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.089,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":264.1956,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1066},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":264.1956,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8622},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2846},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2033,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.15837799999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.31147799999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3586},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":87.144878,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":275.387878,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.12437799999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":329.651378,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.89717799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.8066,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8066,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460703.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872238.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.089,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":264.1956,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":340.1066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.1066},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":264.1956,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8622},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2846},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.359,"elongation":19.893},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.359,"opposition_distance":160.107}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:54","sunsetLocal":"16:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":8.831818597195031,"dayLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 49 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 10 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:06","moonsetLocal":"15:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:32","end":"15:38","startHours":14.530531849879855,"endHours":15.634509174529235,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:07","end":"11:13","startHours":10.11462255128234,"endHours":11.21859987593172,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:19","end":"13:26","startHours":12.322577200581097,"endHours":13.426554525230475,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:58","end":"10:16","startHours":9.967425574662421,"endHours":10.261819527902256,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"08:16","end":"08:31","startHours":8.274660343533375,"endHours":8.510175506125243,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:37","startHours":12.028183247341262,"endHours":12.616971153820932,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"06:44","end":"07:19","startHours":6.7290920890242445,"endHours":7.317879995503913,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"07:10","end":"07:54","startHours":7.170683018883996,"endHours":7.906667901983582,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:48","end":"14:23","startHours":13.794546966780269,"endHours":14.383334873259937,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:32","end":"16:56","startHours":16.538486499178614,"endHours":16.938486499178612,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:44","end":"17:06","startHours":16.738486499178613,"endHours":17.106478940728405,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:29","end":"18:14","startHours":16.488486499178613,"endHours":18.238486499178613,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:37","startHours":24.028183247341264,"endHours":24.61697115382093,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:54","end":"09:01","startHours":7.906667901983582,"endHours":9.01064522663296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:01","end":"10:07","startHours":9.01064522663296,"endHours":10.11462255128234,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:07","end":"11:13","startHours":10.11462255128234,"endHours":11.21859987593172,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:13","end":"12:19","startHours":11.21859987593172,"endHours":12.322577200581097,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:19","end":"13:26","startHours":12.322577200581097,"endHours":13.426554525230475,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:26","end":"14:32","startHours":13.426554525230475,"endHours":14.530531849879855,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:32","end":"15:38","startHours":14.530531849879855,"endHours":15.634509174529235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:38","end":"16:44","startHours":15.634509174529235,"endHours":16.738486499178613,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:44","end":"18:38","startHours":16.738486499178613,"endHours":18.634509174529235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:38","end":"20:32","startHours":18.634509174529235,"endHours":20.530531849879857,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:32","end":"22:26","startHours":20.530531849879857,"endHours":22.426554525230475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:26","end":"00:19","startHours":22.426554525230475,"endHours":24.322577200581097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:19","end":"02:13","startHours":24.322577200581097,"endHours":26.21859987593172,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:13","end":"04:07","startHours":26.21859987593172,"endHours":28.114622551282338,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:07","end":"06:01","startHours":28.114622551282338,"endHours":30.01064522663296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:01","end":"07:54","startHours":30.01064522663296,"endHours":31.90666790198358,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.906667901983582,"endHours":8.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.906667901983582,"endHours":9.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.906667901983582,"endHours":10.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.906667901983582,"endHours":11.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.906667901983582,"endHours":12.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.906667901983582,"endHours":13.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.906667901983582,"endHours":14.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.906667901983582,"endHours":15.906667901983582,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.906667901983582,"endHours":16.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.90666790198358,"endHours":17.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.90666790198358,"endHours":18.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.90666790198358,"endHours":19.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.90666790198358,"endHours":20.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.90666790198358,"endHours":21.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.90666790198358,"endHours":22.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.90666790198358,"endHours":23.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.90666790198358,"endHours":24.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.90666790198358,"endHours":25.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.90666790198358,"endHours":26.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.90666790198358,"endHours":27.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.90666790198358,"endHours":28.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.90666790198358,"endHours":29.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":29.90666790198358,"endHours":30.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":30.90666790198358,"endHours":31.90666790198358,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.17168998867219,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.2033}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2025 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2025 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 07:54, sūryāsta 16:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2025-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:46.795Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:46.795Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:31:46.795Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}