{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2024-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.706,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.7744,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":267.0684,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0684},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7744},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.4805},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1963,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.27770800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":10.187108000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.4056},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":40.396208,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.99480800000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":49.493607999999995,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":115.575808,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":324.66550800000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":349.5558,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":169.5558,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460519.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872054.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.706,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":7.7744,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":267.0684,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0684},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":7.7744,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.7744},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.4805},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.406,"elongation":92.932},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.406,"opposition_distance":87.068}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:20","sunsetLocal":"20:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":15.753067905241434,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 45 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 14 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:54","moonsetLocal":"13:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"20:05","startHours":18.116573009072223,"endHours":20.085706497227402,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:13","end":"14:11","startHours":12.209172544606686,"endHours":14.178306032761865,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"16:09","end":"18:07","startHours":16.147439520917043,"endHours":18.116573009072223,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:01","end":"08:32","startHours":8.008354436542303,"endHours":8.533456700050351,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"04:59","end":"05:25","startHours":4.989016421371028,"endHours":5.409098232177467,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:44","startHours":11.684070281098638,"endHours":12.734274808114733,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:14","end":"03:17","startHours":2.2322295379537778,"endHours":3.2824340649698733,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:01","end":"04:20","startHours":3.0198829332158494,"endHours":4.332638591985969,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:50","end":"15:53","startHours":14.834683862146925,"endHours":15.88488838916302,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:53","end":"20:17","startHours":19.885706497227403,"endHours":20.2857064972274,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"20:05","end":"20:45","startHours":20.085706497227402,"endHours":20.742084326612463,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:50","end":"21:35","startHours":19.835706497227402,"endHours":21.585706497227402,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:44","startHours":23.68407028109864,"endHours":24.734274808114733,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:20","end":"06:18","startHours":4.332638591985969,"endHours":6.3017720801411485,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:18","end":"08:16","startHours":6.3017720801411485,"endHours":8.270905568296328,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:16","end":"10:14","startHours":8.270905568296328,"endHours":10.240039056451506,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:14","end":"12:13","startHours":10.240039056451506,"endHours":12.209172544606686,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:13","end":"14:11","startHours":12.209172544606686,"endHours":14.178306032761865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:11","end":"16:09","startHours":14.178306032761865,"endHours":16.147439520917043,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:09","end":"18:07","startHours":16.147439520917043,"endHours":18.116573009072223,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:07","end":"20:05","startHours":18.116573009072223,"endHours":20.085706497227402,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:05","end":"21:07","startHours":20.085706497227402,"endHours":21.116573009072223,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:07","end":"22:09","startHours":21.116573009072223,"endHours":22.147439520917043,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:09","end":"23:11","startHours":22.147439520917043,"endHours":23.178306032761864,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:11","end":"00:13","startHours":23.178306032761864,"endHours":24.209172544606687,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:13","end":"01:14","startHours":24.209172544606687,"endHours":25.240039056451508,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:14","end":"02:16","startHours":25.240039056451508,"endHours":26.270905568296328,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:16","end":"03:18","startHours":26.270905568296328,"endHours":27.30177208014115,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:18","end":"04:20","startHours":27.30177208014115,"endHours":28.33263859198597,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":4.332638591985969,"endHours":5.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":5.332638591985969,"endHours":6.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.332638591985969,"endHours":7.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.332638591985969,"endHours":8.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.332638591985969,"endHours":9.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.332638591985969,"endHours":10.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.332638591985969,"endHours":11.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.332638591985969,"endHours":12.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.332638591985969,"endHours":13.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.332638591985969,"endHours":14.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.332638591985969,"endHours":15.332638591985969,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.332638591985969,"endHours":16.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.33263859198597,"endHours":17.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.33263859198597,"endHours":18.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.33263859198597,"endHours":19.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.33263859198597,"endHours":20.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.33263859198597,"endHours":21.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.33263859198597,"endHours":22.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.33263859198597,"endHours":23.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.33263859198597,"endHours":24.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.33263859198597,"endHours":25.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.33263859198597,"endHours":26.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.33263859198597,"endHours":27.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.33263859198597,"endHours":28.33263859198597,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.899242587655163,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.1963}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2024 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2024 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 04:20, sūryāsta 20:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T20:14:19.247Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T20:14:19.247Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T20:14:19.247Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}