{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2024-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1883,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.90709300000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":132.33719299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2214},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.87469299999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.62889300000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.41069299999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":218.143593,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.1547929999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6296,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.6296,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"elongation":120.724},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"opposition_distance":59.276}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"08:18","sunsetLocal":"16:02","solarNoonLocal":"12:10","dayLengthHours":7.741327160743957,"dayLengthDisplay":"7 Hours 44 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"16 Hours 15 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:04","moonsetLocal":"10:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:16","end":"10:14","startHours":9.265088620110951,"endHours":10.232754515203945,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:12","end":"12:10","startHours":11.200420410296939,"endHours":12.168086305389934,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:08","end":"14:06","startHours":13.13575220048293,"endHours":14.103418095575924,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:06","end":"10:22","startHours":10.103732395858213,"endHours":10.361776634549678,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"08:37","end":"08:50","startHours":8.619978023382288,"endHours":8.82641341433546,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:26","startHours":11.91004206669847,"endHours":12.4261305440814,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"07:16","end":"07:47","startHours":7.265245770252095,"endHours":7.781334247635026,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"07:39","end":"08:18","startHours":7.652312128289293,"endHours":8.297422725017956,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:27","end":"13:58","startHours":13.458307498847262,"endHours":13.974395976230193,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"15:50","end":"16:14","startHours":15.838749885761914,"endHours":16.238749885761912,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:02","end":"16:22","startHours":16.038749885761913,"endHours":16.361305184126245,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"15:47","end":"17:32","startHours":15.788749885761913,"endHours":17.538749885761913,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:26","startHours":23.91004206669847,"endHours":24.4261305440814,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:18","end":"09:16","startHours":8.297422725017956,"endHours":9.265088620110951,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:16","end":"10:14","startHours":9.265088620110951,"endHours":10.232754515203945,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:14","end":"11:12","startHours":10.232754515203945,"endHours":11.200420410296939,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:12","end":"12:10","startHours":11.200420410296939,"endHours":12.168086305389934,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:10","end":"13:08","startHours":12.168086305389934,"endHours":13.13575220048293,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:08","end":"14:06","startHours":13.13575220048293,"endHours":14.103418095575924,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:06","end":"15:04","startHours":14.103418095575924,"endHours":15.071083990668917,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:04","end":"16:02","startHours":15.071083990668917,"endHours":16.038749885761913,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"16:02","end":"18:04","startHours":16.038749885761913,"endHours":18.071083990668917,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:04","end":"20:06","startHours":18.071083990668917,"endHours":20.103418095575925,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:06","end":"22:08","startHours":20.103418095575925,"endHours":22.13575220048293,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:08","end":"00:10","startHours":22.13575220048293,"endHours":24.168086305389934,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:10","end":"02:12","startHours":24.168086305389934,"endHours":26.20042041029694,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:12","end":"04:14","startHours":26.20042041029694,"endHours":28.232754515203943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:14","end":"06:16","startHours":28.232754515203943,"endHours":30.26508862011095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:16","end":"08:18","startHours":30.26508862011095,"endHours":32.29742272501795,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.297422725017956,"endHours":9.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.297422725017956,"endHours":10.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.297422725017956,"endHours":11.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.297422725017956,"endHours":12.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.297422725017956,"endHours":13.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.297422725017956,"endHours":14.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.297422725017956,"endHours":15.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.297422725017956,"endHours":16.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.297422725017956,"endHours":17.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.297422725017956,"endHours":18.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.297422725017956,"endHours":19.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.297422725017956,"endHours":20.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.297422725017956,"endHours":21.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.297422725017956,"endHours":22.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.297422725017956,"endHours":23.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.297422725017956,"endHours":24.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.297422725017956,"endHours":25.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.297422725017956,"endHours":26.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.297422725017956,"endHours":27.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.297422725017956,"endHours":28.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.297422725017956,"endHours":29.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.297422725017956,"endHours":30.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":30.297422725017956,"endHours":31.297422725017956,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":31.297422725017956,"endHours":32.29742272501795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.05250366747792,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1883}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2024 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2024 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 08:18, sūryāsta 16:02.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2024-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:38:04.015Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:38:04.015Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:38:04.015Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}