{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2021-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459215.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870750.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.4085,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.1101,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":202.7015,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7015},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.1101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7767},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":355.5186},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459215.770833,"ahargana":1870750.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1464,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.691231,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.12303099999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.9185},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9528310000000033,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":263.40343099999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":278.6472309999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":236.03763100000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":277.484831,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":58.648,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":238.648,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459215.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870750.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":256.4085,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":99.1101,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":202.7015,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7015},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":99.1101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7767},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":355.5186},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.919,"elongation":157.298},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.919,"opposition_distance":22.702}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-2,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.091,"opposition_distance":1.549}]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"08:17","sunsetLocal":"16:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:10","dayLengthHours":7.755314577544517,"dayLengthDisplay":"7 Hours 45 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"16 Hours 14 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:46","moonsetLocal":"09:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:12","end":"12:10","startHours":11.19867198319687,"endHours":12.168086305389934,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:06","end":"15:05","startHours":14.106914949776064,"endHours":15.07632927196913,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:16","end":"10:14","startHours":9.25984333881074,"endHours":10.229257661003805,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"10:06","end":"10:22","startHours":10.10000241804473,"endHours":10.35851290396288,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"08:37","end":"08:49","startHours":8.613567124015365,"endHours":8.820375512749886,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:26","startHours":11.909575819471783,"endHours":12.426596791308086,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"07:15","end":"07:46","startHours":7.256387072945073,"endHours":7.773408044781375,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"07:39","end":"08:17","startHours":7.644152801822299,"endHours":8.290429016617676,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"13:59","startHours":13.460638734980687,"endHours":13.977659706816988,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"15:51","end":"16:15","startHours":15.845743594162194,"endHours":16.245743594162192,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:03","end":"16:22","startHours":16.045743594162193,"endHours":16.368881701559882,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"15:48","end":"17:33","startHours":15.795743594162193,"endHours":17.545743594162193,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:26","startHours":23.909575819471783,"endHours":24.426596791308086,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"08:17","end":"09:16","startHours":8.290429016617676,"endHours":9.25984333881074,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:16","end":"10:14","startHours":9.25984333881074,"endHours":10.229257661003805,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:14","end":"11:12","startHours":10.229257661003805,"endHours":11.19867198319687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:12","end":"12:10","startHours":11.19867198319687,"endHours":12.168086305389934,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:10","end":"13:08","startHours":12.168086305389934,"endHours":13.137500627582998,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:08","end":"14:06","startHours":13.137500627582998,"endHours":14.106914949776064,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:06","end":"15:05","startHours":14.106914949776064,"endHours":15.07632927196913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:05","end":"16:03","startHours":15.07632927196913,"endHours":16.045743594162193,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"16:03","end":"18:05","startHours":16.045743594162193,"endHours":18.07632927196913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:05","end":"20:06","startHours":18.07632927196913,"endHours":20.106914949776062,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:06","end":"22:08","startHours":20.106914949776062,"endHours":22.137500627582998,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:08","end":"00:10","startHours":22.137500627582998,"endHours":24.168086305389934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:10","end":"02:12","startHours":24.168086305389934,"endHours":26.19867198319687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:12","end":"04:14","startHours":26.19867198319687,"endHours":28.229257661003807,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:14","end":"06:16","startHours":28.229257661003807,"endHours":30.25984333881074,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:16","end":"08:17","startHours":30.25984333881074,"endHours":32.29042901661768,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.290429016617676,"endHours":9.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.290429016617676,"endHours":10.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.290429016617676,"endHours":11.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.290429016617676,"endHours":12.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.290429016617676,"endHours":13.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.290429016617676,"endHours":14.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.290429016617676,"endHours":15.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.290429016617676,"endHours":16.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.290429016617676,"endHours":17.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.290429016617676,"endHours":18.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.290429016617676,"endHours":19.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.290429016617676,"endHours":20.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.290429016617676,"endHours":21.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.290429016617676,"endHours":22.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.290429016617676,"endHours":23.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.290429016617676,"endHours":24.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.290429016617676,"endHours":25.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.290429016617676,"endHours":26.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.290429016617676,"endHours":27.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.290429016617676,"endHours":28.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.290429016617676,"endHours":29.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.290429016617676,"endHours":30.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":30.290429016617676,"endHours":31.290429016617676,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":31.290429016617676,"endHours":32.29042901661768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.994234127576753,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1464}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2021 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2021 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 08:17, sūryāsta 16:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2021-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:57:47.308Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:57:47.308Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:57:47.308Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}