{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2002-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.264,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.7884,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.5244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5244},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.7884,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7884},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":104.0524},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.889,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.79902800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":358.532028,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6574},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":107.25362799999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":114.46542800000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":95.64542800000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":148.314528,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.81232799999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":55.1828,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":235.1828,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.264,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.7884,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.5244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5244},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.7884,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7884},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":104.0524},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.657,"elongation":102.476},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.657,"opposition_distance":77.524}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:24","sunsetLocal":"20:01","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":15.631261130289833,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 37 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 22 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:21","moonsetLocal":"12:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:12","end":"14:10","startHours":12.207522908539179,"endHours":14.161430549825408,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:21","end":"08:18","startHours":6.345799984680493,"endHours":8.299707625966722,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:15","end":"12:12","startHours":10.25361526725295,"endHours":12.207522908539179,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:02","end":"08:34","startHours":8.039186607128558,"endHours":8.560228644804885,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:03","end":"05:28","startHours":5.043194890489673,"endHours":5.460028520630735,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:44","startHours":11.686480870862853,"endHours":12.728564946215508,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:18","end":"03:21","startHours":2.3077241926889527,"endHours":3.349808268041608,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:05","end":"04:24","startHours":3.089287249203444,"endHours":4.391892343394264,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:49","end":"15:51","startHours":14.81273309692082,"endHours":15.854817172273474,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:49","end":"20:13","startHours":19.823153473684098,"endHours":20.223153473684096,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"20:01","end":"20:40","startHours":20.023153473684097,"endHours":20.674456020779505,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:46","end":"21:31","startHours":19.773153473684097,"endHours":21.523153473684097,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:44","startHours":23.686480870862855,"endHours":24.72856494621551,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"04:24","end":"06:21","startHours":4.391892343394264,"endHours":6.345799984680493,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:21","end":"08:18","startHours":6.345799984680493,"endHours":8.299707625966722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:18","end":"10:15","startHours":8.299707625966722,"endHours":10.25361526725295,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:15","end":"12:12","startHours":10.25361526725295,"endHours":12.207522908539179,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:12","end":"14:10","startHours":12.207522908539179,"endHours":14.161430549825408,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:10","end":"16:07","startHours":14.161430549825408,"endHours":16.11533819111164,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:07","end":"18:04","startHours":16.11533819111164,"endHours":18.06924583239787,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:04","end":"20:01","startHours":18.06924583239787,"endHours":20.023153473684097,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:01","end":"21:04","startHours":20.023153473684097,"endHours":21.06924583239787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:04","end":"22:07","startHours":21.06924583239787,"endHours":22.11533819111164,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:07","end":"23:10","startHours":22.11533819111164,"endHours":23.16143054982541,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:10","end":"00:12","startHours":23.16143054982541,"endHours":24.207522908539183,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:12","end":"01:15","startHours":24.207522908539183,"endHours":25.253615267252954,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:15","end":"02:18","startHours":25.253615267252954,"endHours":26.29970762596672,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:18","end":"03:21","startHours":26.29970762596672,"endHours":27.345799984680493,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:21","end":"04:24","startHours":27.345799984680493,"endHours":28.391892343394264,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:24","end":"05:24","startHours":4.391892343394264,"endHours":5.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:24","end":"06:24","startHours":5.391892343394264,"endHours":6.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:24","end":"07:24","startHours":6.391892343394264,"endHours":7.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:24","end":"08:24","startHours":7.391892343394264,"endHours":8.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:24","end":"09:24","startHours":8.391892343394264,"endHours":9.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:24","end":"10:24","startHours":9.391892343394264,"endHours":10.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:24","end":"11:24","startHours":10.391892343394264,"endHours":11.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:24","end":"12:24","startHours":11.391892343394264,"endHours":12.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:24","end":"13:24","startHours":12.391892343394264,"endHours":13.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:24","end":"14:24","startHours":13.391892343394264,"endHours":14.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:24","end":"15:24","startHours":14.391892343394264,"endHours":15.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:24","end":"16:24","startHours":15.391892343394264,"endHours":16.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:24","end":"17:24","startHours":16.391892343394264,"endHours":17.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:24","end":"18:24","startHours":17.391892343394264,"endHours":18.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:24","end":"19:24","startHours":18.391892343394264,"endHours":19.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:24","end":"20:24","startHours":19.391892343394264,"endHours":20.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:24","end":"21:24","startHours":20.391892343394264,"endHours":21.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:24","end":"22:24","startHours":21.391892343394264,"endHours":22.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:24","end":"23:24","startHours":22.391892343394264,"endHours":23.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:24","end":"00:24","startHours":23.391892343394264,"endHours":24.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:24","end":"01:24","startHours":24.391892343394264,"endHours":25.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:24","end":"02:24","startHours":25.391892343394264,"endHours":26.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:24","end":"03:24","startHours":26.391892343394264,"endHours":27.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:24","end":"04:24","startHours":27.391892343394264,"endHours":28.391892343394264,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.345486654082453,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.889}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2002 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2002 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 04:24, sūryāsta 20:01.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2002-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:40:20.950Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:40:20.950Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T19:40:20.950Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}