{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:2001-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8749,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.17638799999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":198.80788800000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8669},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.658588,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":91.20358800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":69.31988799999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":60.971788000000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.92428799999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":74.6812,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":254.6812,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452118.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863653.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6599,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.4165,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7566,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7566},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.4165,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7498},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":296.0763},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"elongation":94.757},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.867,"opposition_distance":85.243}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:19","sunsetLocal":"20:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":15.775846449312159,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 46 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 13 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:04","moonsetLocal":"23:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:16","end":"10:14","startHours":8.265210932278647,"endHours":10.237191738442668,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:11","end":"16:09","startHours":14.181153350770707,"endHours":16.153134156934726,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"04:19","end":"06:18","startHours":4.321249319950607,"endHours":6.2932301261146275,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:00","end":"08:32","startHours":8.002280158123444,"endHours":8.52814170643385,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"04:59","end":"05:24","startHours":4.978576255338614,"endHours":5.399265493986938,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:44","startHours":11.68331099629628,"endHours":12.735034092917092,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:13","end":"03:16","startHours":2.217803126708986,"endHours":3.2695262233297964,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:00","end":"04:19","startHours":3.006595449174594,"endHours":4.321249319950607,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:50","end":"15:53","startHours":14.838480286158713,"endHours":15.890203382779523,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:54","end":"20:18","startHours":19.897095769262766,"endHours":20.297095769262764,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"20:06","end":"20:45","startHours":20.097095769262765,"endHours":20.75442270465077,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:51","end":"21:36","startHours":19.847095769262765,"endHours":21.597095769262765,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:44","startHours":23.68331099629628,"endHours":24.735034092917093,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:19","end":"06:18","startHours":4.321249319950607,"endHours":6.2932301261146275,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:18","end":"08:16","startHours":6.2932301261146275,"endHours":8.265210932278647,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:16","end":"10:14","startHours":8.265210932278647,"endHours":10.237191738442668,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:14","end":"12:13","startHours":10.237191738442668,"endHours":12.209172544606687,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:13","end":"14:11","startHours":12.209172544606687,"endHours":14.181153350770707,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:11","end":"16:09","startHours":14.181153350770707,"endHours":16.153134156934726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:09","end":"18:08","startHours":16.153134156934726,"endHours":18.125114963098746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"20:06","startHours":18.125114963098746,"endHours":20.097095769262765,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"20:06","end":"21:08","startHours":20.097095769262765,"endHours":21.125114963098746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:08","end":"22:09","startHours":21.125114963098746,"endHours":22.153134156934726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:09","end":"23:11","startHours":22.153134156934726,"endHours":23.181153350770707,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:11","end":"00:13","startHours":23.181153350770707,"endHours":24.209172544606687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:13","end":"01:14","startHours":24.209172544606687,"endHours":25.237191738442668,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:14","end":"02:16","startHours":25.237191738442668,"endHours":26.265210932278645,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:16","end":"03:18","startHours":26.265210932278645,"endHours":27.293230126114626,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:18","end":"04:19","startHours":27.293230126114626,"endHours":28.321249319950606,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":4.321249319950607,"endHours":5.321249319950607,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":5.321249319950607,"endHours":6.321249319950607,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.321249319950607,"endHours":7.321249319950607,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.321249319950607,"endHours":8.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.321249319950606,"endHours":9.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.321249319950606,"endHours":10.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.321249319950606,"endHours":11.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.321249319950606,"endHours":12.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.321249319950606,"endHours":13.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.321249319950606,"endHours":14.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.321249319950606,"endHours":15.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.321249319950606,"endHours":16.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.321249319950606,"endHours":17.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.321249319950606,"endHours":18.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.321249319950606,"endHours":19.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.321249319950606,"endHours":20.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.321249319950606,"endHours":21.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.321249319950606,"endHours":22.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.321249319950606,"endHours":23.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.321249319950606,"endHours":24.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.321249319950606,"endHours":25.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.321249319950606,"endHours":26.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.321249319950606,"endHours":27.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.321249319950606,"endHours":28.321249319950606,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.001870307142717,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.8749}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2001 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2001 CE for Berlin, Germany: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 04:19, sūryāsta 20:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/2001-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T08:10:32.218Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T08:10:32.218Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T08:10:32.218Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}