{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:berlin:1997-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8134,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.67920200000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.252302,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6492},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":158.67100200000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":307.77140199999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":285.049802,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.6036019999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":342.769502,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.9867,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"elongation":102.639},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"opposition_distance":77.361}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"elongation":0.078}]},"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"berlin","name":"Berlin, Germany","lat":52.52,"lon":13.405,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"DE","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:54","sunsetLocal":"17:45","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":10.844686336652739,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 50 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 09 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:55","moonsetLocal":"09:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:37","end":"10:58","startHours":9.612547418455394,"endHours":10.968133210536987,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:41","end":"15:02","startHours":13.679304794700172,"endHours":15.034890586781763,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:54","end":"08:15","startHours":6.901375834292209,"endHours":8.256961626373801,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:26","end":"09:48","startHours":9.431802646177848,"endHours":9.79329219073294,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:21","end":"07:39","startHours":7.353237764986074,"endHours":7.642429400630147,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:41","startHours":11.962229458063488,"endHours":12.685208547173671,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:27","end":"06:11","startHours":5.455417656071845,"endHours":6.1783967451820265,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:00","end":"06:54","startHours":5.997651972904481,"endHours":6.901375834292209,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:51","startHours":14.131166725394035,"endHours":14.854145814504218,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:33","end":"17:57","startHours":17.54606217094495,"endHours":17.94606217094495,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:45","end":"18:12","startHours":17.74606217094495,"endHours":18.19792410163881,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:30","end":"19:15","startHours":17.49606217094495,"endHours":19.24606217094495,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:41","startHours":23.96222945806349,"endHours":24.685208547173673,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:54","end":"08:15","startHours":6.901375834292209,"endHours":8.256961626373801,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:15","end":"09:37","startHours":8.256961626373801,"endHours":9.612547418455394,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:37","end":"10:58","startHours":9.612547418455394,"endHours":10.968133210536987,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:58","end":"12:19","startHours":10.968133210536987,"endHours":12.323719002618578,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:19","end":"13:41","startHours":12.323719002618578,"endHours":13.679304794700172,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:41","end":"15:02","startHours":13.679304794700172,"endHours":15.034890586781763,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:02","end":"16:23","startHours":15.034890586781763,"endHours":16.390476378863355,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:23","end":"17:45","startHours":16.390476378863355,"endHours":17.74606217094495,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:45","end":"19:23","startHours":17.74606217094495,"endHours":19.390476378863358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:23","end":"21:02","startHours":19.390476378863358,"endHours":21.034890586781763,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:02","end":"22:41","startHours":21.034890586781763,"endHours":22.679304794700172,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:41","end":"00:19","startHours":22.679304794700172,"endHours":24.32371900261858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:19","end":"01:58","startHours":24.32371900261858,"endHours":25.968133210536987,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:58","end":"03:37","startHours":25.968133210536987,"endHours":27.612547418455396,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:37","end":"05:15","startHours":27.612547418455396,"endHours":29.2569616263738,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:15","end":"06:54","startHours":29.2569616263738,"endHours":30.90137583429221,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.901375834292209,"endHours":7.901375834292209,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.901375834292209,"endHours":8.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.90137583429221,"endHours":9.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.90137583429221,"endHours":10.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.90137583429221,"endHours":11.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.90137583429221,"endHours":12.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.90137583429221,"endHours":13.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.90137583429221,"endHours":14.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.90137583429221,"endHours":15.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.90137583429221,"endHours":16.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.90137583429221,"endHours":17.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.90137583429221,"endHours":18.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.90137583429221,"endHours":19.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.90137583429221,"endHours":20.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.90137583429221,"endHours":21.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.90137583429221,"endHours":22.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.90137583429221,"endHours":23.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.90137583429221,"endHours":24.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.90137583429221,"endHours":25.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.90137583429221,"endHours":26.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.90137583429221,"endHours":27.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.90137583429221,"endHours":28.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":28.90137583429221,"endHours":29.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":29.90137583429221,"endHours":30.90137583429221,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.63224644254681,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.8134}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"berlin"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 1997 CE · Berlin, Germany · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 1997 CE for Berlin, Germany: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:54, sūryāsta 17:45.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/berlin/1997-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T13:29:10.128Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T13:29:10.128Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T13:29:10.128Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}