{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:beijing:2012-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456139.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867674.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.656,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":257.8763,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":154.2203,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2203},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":257.8763,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.543},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.5323},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":25,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456139.770833,"ahargana":1867674.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0287,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.21785599999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.53015600000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.6589},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":171.23625600000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":100.30945600000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":45.787756,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":59.27515600000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":179.507656,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":221.6293,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":41.6293,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456139.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867674.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.656,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":257.8763,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":154.2203,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2203},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":257.8763,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.543},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.5323},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":25,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.659,"elongation":154.22},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.659,"opposition_distance":25.78}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"beijing","name":"Beijing, Beijing","lat":39.9075,"lon":116.3972,"tz_offset_hours":8,"state":"Beijing","country":"CN","tier":"mega"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"beijing","name":"Beijing, Beijing","lat":39.9075,"lon":116.3972,"tz_offset_hours":8,"state":"Beijing","country":"CN","tier":"mega"},"sunriseLocal":"05:12","sunsetLocal":"19:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":14.287308941260045,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 17 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 42 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:49","moonsetLocal":"03:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:55","end":"17:42","startHours":15.913203477187524,"endHours":17.69911709484503,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:46","end":"10:33","startHours":8.7695490065575,"endHours":10.555462624215007,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"14:08","startHours":12.341376241872513,"endHours":14.127289859530018,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:32","end":"09:00","startHours":8.531427190869834,"endHours":9.007670822245169,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:48","end":"06:10","startHours":5.793026310461658,"endHours":6.174021215561926,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:49","startHours":11.865132610497179,"endHours":12.817619873247848,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:15","startHours":3.2927472457411504,"endHours":4.24523450849182,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:12","startHours":4.007112692804153,"endHours":5.19772177124249,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:41","startHours":14.722594398749186,"endHours":15.675081661499854,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:17","end":"19:41","startHours":19.285030712502536,"endHours":19.685030712502535,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:29","end":"20:05","startHours":19.485030712502535,"endHours":20.080335251721703,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:14","end":"20:59","startHours":19.235030712502535,"endHours":20.985030712502535,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:49","startHours":23.865132610497177,"endHours":24.81761987324785,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:12","end":"06:59","startHours":5.19772177124249,"endHours":6.983635388899995,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:59","end":"08:46","startHours":6.983635388899995,"endHours":8.7695490065575,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:46","end":"10:33","startHours":8.7695490065575,"endHours":10.555462624215007,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:33","end":"12:20","startHours":10.555462624215007,"endHours":12.341376241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:20","end":"14:08","startHours":12.341376241872513,"endHours":14.127289859530018,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:08","end":"15:55","startHours":14.127289859530018,"endHours":15.913203477187524,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:55","end":"17:42","startHours":15.913203477187524,"endHours":17.69911709484503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:42","end":"19:29","startHours":17.69911709484503,"endHours":19.485030712502535,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:29","end":"20:42","startHours":19.485030712502535,"endHours":20.69911709484503,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:42","end":"21:55","startHours":20.69911709484503,"endHours":21.913203477187523,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:55","end":"23:08","startHours":21.913203477187523,"endHours":23.127289859530016,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:08","end":"00:20","startHours":23.127289859530016,"endHours":24.341376241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:20","end":"01:33","startHours":24.341376241872513,"endHours":25.555462624215007,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:33","end":"02:46","startHours":25.555462624215007,"endHours":26.7695490065575,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:46","end":"03:59","startHours":26.7695490065575,"endHours":27.983635388899998,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:59","end":"05:12","startHours":27.983635388899998,"endHours":29.19772177124249,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.19772177124249,"endHours":6.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.19772177124249,"endHours":7.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.19772177124249,"endHours":8.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.19772177124249,"endHours":9.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.19772177124249,"endHours":10.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.19772177124249,"endHours":11.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.19772177124249,"endHours":12.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.19772177124249,"endHours":13.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.19772177124249,"endHours":14.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.19772177124249,"endHours":15.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.19772177124249,"endHours":16.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.19772177124249,"endHours":17.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.19772177124249,"endHours":18.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.19772177124249,"endHours":19.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.19772177124249,"endHours":20.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.19772177124249,"endHours":21.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.19772177124249,"endHours":22.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.19772177124249,"endHours":23.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.19772177124249,"endHours":24.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.19772177124249,"endHours":25.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.19772177124249,"endHours":26.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.19772177124249,"endHours":27.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.19772177124249,"endHours":28.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.19772177124249,"endHours":29.19772177124249,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.201563174617185,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.0287}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"beijing"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2012 CE · Beijing, Beijing · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2012 CE for Beijing, Beijing: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:12, sūryāsta 19:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/2012-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:14:03.574Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:14:03.574Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T09:14:03.574Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}