{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:beijing:1997-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.818,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.440741,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":30.238640999999973,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7483},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":161.590241,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":81.779041,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.455641,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":98.987841,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.672641,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.5226,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.5226,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"elongation":45.158},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"opposition_distance":134.842}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"beijing","name":"Beijing, Beijing","lat":39.9075,"lon":116.3972,"tz_offset_hours":8,"state":"Beijing","country":"CN","tier":"mega"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"beijing","name":"Beijing, Beijing","lat":39.9075,"lon":116.3972,"tz_offset_hours":8,"state":"Beijing","country":"CN","tier":"mega"},"sunriseLocal":"04:49","sunsetLocal":"19:47","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":14.957770848252103,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 57 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 02 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:08","moonsetLocal":"16:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:02","end":"17:54","startHours":16.03750079880421,"endHours":17.907222154835722,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:34","end":"10:26","startHours":8.558615374678158,"endHours":10.42833673070967,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:18","end":"14:10","startHours":12.298058086741182,"endHours":14.167779442772694,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:19","end":"08:48","startHours":8.309319193873955,"endHours":8.80791155548236,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:27","end":"05:50","startHours":5.442413114625636,"endHours":5.841287003912359,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.799465725132778,"endHours":12.796650448349586,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":2.824803216181518,"endHours":3.821987939398325,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:34","end":"04:49","startHours":3.5726917585941234,"endHours":4.819172662615132,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:47","startHours":14.7910198947832,"endHours":15.788204618000007,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:35","end":"19:59","startHours":19.576943510867235,"endHours":19.976943510867233,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:47","end":"20:24","startHours":19.776943510867234,"endHours":20.400183962877737,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:32","end":"21:17","startHours":19.526943510867234,"endHours":21.276943510867234,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.79946572513278,"endHours":24.796650448349585,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:49","end":"06:41","startHours":4.819172662615132,"endHours":6.688894018646645,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:41","end":"08:34","startHours":6.688894018646645,"endHours":8.558615374678158,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:34","end":"10:26","startHours":8.558615374678158,"endHours":10.42833673070967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:26","end":"12:18","startHours":10.42833673070967,"endHours":12.298058086741182,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:18","end":"14:10","startHours":12.298058086741182,"endHours":14.167779442772694,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"16:02","startHours":14.167779442772694,"endHours":16.03750079880421,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:02","end":"17:54","startHours":16.03750079880421,"endHours":17.907222154835722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:54","end":"19:47","startHours":17.907222154835722,"endHours":19.776943510867234,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:47","end":"20:54","startHours":19.776943510867234,"endHours":20.907222154835722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:54","end":"22:02","startHours":20.907222154835722,"endHours":22.03750079880421,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:02","end":"23:10","startHours":22.03750079880421,"endHours":23.167779442772694,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:10","end":"00:18","startHours":23.167779442772694,"endHours":24.298058086741182,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:18","end":"01:26","startHours":24.298058086741182,"endHours":25.42833673070967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:26","end":"02:34","startHours":25.42833673070967,"endHours":26.558615374678155,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:34","end":"03:41","startHours":26.558615374678155,"endHours":27.688894018646643,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:41","end":"04:49","startHours":27.688894018646643,"endHours":28.81917266261513,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:49","end":"05:49","startHours":4.819172662615132,"endHours":5.819172662615132,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:49","end":"06:49","startHours":5.819172662615132,"endHours":6.819172662615132,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:49","end":"07:49","startHours":6.819172662615132,"endHours":7.819172662615132,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:49","end":"08:49","startHours":7.819172662615132,"endHours":8.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:49","end":"09:49","startHours":8.81917266261513,"endHours":9.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:49","end":"10:49","startHours":9.81917266261513,"endHours":10.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:49","end":"11:49","startHours":10.81917266261513,"endHours":11.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:49","end":"12:49","startHours":11.81917266261513,"endHours":12.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:49","end":"13:49","startHours":12.81917266261513,"endHours":13.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:49","end":"14:49","startHours":13.81917266261513,"endHours":14.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:49","end":"15:49","startHours":14.81917266261513,"endHours":15.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:49","end":"16:49","startHours":15.81917266261513,"endHours":16.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:49","end":"17:49","startHours":16.81917266261513,"endHours":17.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:49","end":"18:49","startHours":17.81917266261513,"endHours":18.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:49","end":"19:49","startHours":18.81917266261513,"endHours":19.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:49","end":"20:49","startHours":19.81917266261513,"endHours":20.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:49","end":"21:49","startHours":20.81917266261513,"endHours":21.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:49","end":"22:49","startHours":21.81917266261513,"endHours":22.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:49","end":"23:49","startHours":22.81917266261513,"endHours":23.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:49","end":"00:49","startHours":23.81917266261513,"endHours":24.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:49","end":"01:49","startHours":24.81917266261513,"endHours":25.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:49","end":"02:49","startHours":25.81917266261513,"endHours":26.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:49","end":"03:49","startHours":26.81917266261513,"endHours":27.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:49","end":"04:49","startHours":27.81917266261513,"endHours":28.81917266261513,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.113307032299314,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":23.818}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"beijing"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 1997 CE · Beijing, Beijing · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 1997 CE for Beijing, Beijing: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 04:49, sūryāsta 19:47.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/beijing/1997-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T03:01:59.482Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T03:01:59.482Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T03:01:59.482Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}