{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:ayodhya:1972-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1972-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1972 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":1972,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":46.765,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441529.70132,"kali_year":5074,"ahargana":1853064.2013,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.9723,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0056,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.0333,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0333},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":343.0056,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6723},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":86.9778},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta four-step process (II.43-44), tabular sines, even/odd epicycles, no bīja; verified against Burgess 1860 worked example","engine_version":"4.0 (Pūrṇa — Burgess text, 2026-09-26)","tradition_sources":"Sūrya Siddhānta Ch. I-III, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860)","input":{"year":1972,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":46.765,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441529.70132,"ahargana":1853064.2013,"kali_year":5074,"ayanamsa":22.0994,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.9723,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0056,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1497},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":116.3652,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":109.6751,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":251.5374,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":59.2534,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.1648,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":275.741,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":95.741,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta (Burgess 1860 text, no bīja): Sun and Moon by the equation of the apsis with the 24-sine table","engine_version":"3.0 (text of the Sūrya Siddhānta)","accuracy_note":"Siddhāntic places, not the observed sky. Against the observed sky 1900-2030 the Moon averages -0.06 deg (max 3.6 deg), the Sun -0.21 deg (max 0.6 deg).","tradition_chain":"Sūrya Siddhānta, tr. E. Burgess (JAOS 6, 1860): I.29-47, II.15-45","input":{"year":1972,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":28.052266666666668,"minute":46.765,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441529.70132,"kali_year":5074,"ahargana":1853064.2013,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.9723,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":343.0056,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.0333,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0333},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":343.0056,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6723},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":86.9778},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.15,"elongation":120.967},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.15,"opposition_distance":59.033}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-20,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.757,"elongation":2.126},{"offset_days":9,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.137,"elongation":2.645}]},"city":{"slug":"ayodhya","name":"Ayodhyā","lat":26.799,"lon":82.204,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"ayodhya","name":"Ayodhyā","lat":26.799,"lon":82.204,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tirtha"},"sunriseLocal":"05:17","sunsetLocal":"18:37","solarNoonLocal":"11:57","dayLengthHours":13.337824400514364,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 20 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 39 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:52","moonsetLocal":"10:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:37","startHours":6.946640889625996,"endHours":8.613868939690292},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:17","end":"11:57","startHours":10.281096989754587,"endHours":11.948325039818883},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:37","end":"15:17","startHours":13.615553089883178,"endHours":15.282781139947474},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:30","end":"12:24","startHours":11.5,"endHours":12.4},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:34","startHours":3.8666666666666667,"endHours":4.566666666666666},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:31","end":"18:43","startHours":18.516666666666666,"endHours":18.716666666666665},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśītha","start":"23:36","end":"00:18","startHours":23.6,"endHours":24.3},"sourcedMuhurtas":{"success":true,"date":"1972-07-31","sunrise":"05:17","sunset":"18:37","timezone":"UTC+5.5","calculation_method":"surya_siddhanta (II.59-63, II.46)","rahu_kalam":{"name":"Rāhu Kālam","sanskrit":"राहु काल","start":"06:57","end":"08:37","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"part 2 of the day's 8 (Sun 8, Mon 2, Tue 7, Wed 5, Thu 6, Fri 4, Sat 3)","source":"South Indian almanac table (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala); no verse found in BPHS, Bṛhatsaṃhitā, Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Nārada-saṃhitā, Phaladīpikā, Dharmasindhu, Nirṇayasindhu or Praśna-mārga","sources_say":["Uttara-kālāmṛta 2.29 (post-16th century; read in P. S. Sastri's English): not to bathe in the sea during it. The editor: \"Standard texts have no mention of it.\""],"evidence":"regional convention"},"yamaganda_kalam":{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (Yamagaṇḍa) Kālam","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:17","end":"11:57","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"gulika_kalam":{"name":"Gulika Kālam","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"13:37","end":"15:17","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},"brahma_muhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","sanskrit":"ब्रह्म मुहूर्त","start":"03:52","end":"04:34","duration_minutes":42.6,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night ending at this sunrise","source":"Manusmṛti 4.92; Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1, with Aruṇadatta and Hemādri","sources_say":["Manusmṛti 4.92: \"brāhme muhūrte budhyeta\" (one should wake in the brāhma muhūrta and reflect on dharma and the Veda)","Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya Sūtra 2.1: \"brāhme muhūrta uttiṣṭhet svastho rakṣārtham āyuṣaḥ\" (the healthy should rise then, to protect life)","Aruṇadatta: \"rātreś caturdaśo muhūrto brāhmo muhūrtaḥ\"; Hemādri: \"rātreś copāntyo muhūrto brāhmaḥ\" (wording through a journal article)"],"evidence":"secondary","note":"Manu and Vāgbhaṭa name it; the 14th of the night is the commentators' definition"},"abhijit_muhurta":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","sanskrit":"अभिजित् मुहूर्त","start":"11:30","end":"12:24","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day, around midday","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.7-8; Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-86; Nārada-saṃhitā 9.4-5","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.8: \"tena yānam apahāya dakṣiṇāṃ sarvadikṣv abhijit praśasyate\" (under Abhijit, travel in every direction but the south is praised)","Muhūrta-gaṇapati 83-84: in Abhijit, even where faults exist, one may do all auspicious work except travel to the south","Vālmīki-Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (\"yukto muhūrto vijayaḥ prāpto madhyaṃ divākaraḥ\")"],"evidence":"verse read"},"nishitha":{"name":"Niśītha","sanskrit":"निशीथ","start":"23:36","end":"00:18","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night: the middle of the night (not clock midnight)","source":"Dharmasindhu; Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54","sources_say":["Dharmasindhu: niśītha is the middle of the night, finely the 8th muhūrta; the instant at which a tithi is taken for night observances","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, niśītha except toward the north"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)"},"godhuli":{"name":"Godhūli","sanskrit":"गोधूलि","start":"18:31","end":"18:43","duration_minutes":12,"rule":"15 pala before and after the half-set Sun (the text's sunset is the Sun's centre on the horizon)","source":"Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38 (citing the Jyotirnibandha); Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Vivāha 6.100-101","sources_say":["Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 6.100: \"godhūliḥ sā munibhir uditā sarvakāryeṣu praśastā\" (the sages declared godhūli praised for all works)","Muhūrta-mārtaṇḍa, Vivāha 38: a lagna for marriage when no other good lagna is available","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 11.54: for travel, godhūli except toward the west"],"evidence":"verse read (OCR)","note":"MC 6.101 places the instant by season (in hemanta the rayless disk, in the hot season the half-set Sun, in the rains the Sun fully set); the half-set form is given"},"kala_vela":{"day":[{"name":"Gulika (day)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"13:37","end":"15:17","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the day: part 6 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (day)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"10:17","end":"11:57","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the day: part 4 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (day)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"15:17","end":"16:57","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the day: part 7 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (day)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"06:57","end":"08:37","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the day: part 2 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (day)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"08:37","end":"10:17","duration_minutes":100,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the day: part 3 of 8, counted from Moon","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}],"night":[{"name":"Gulika (night)","sanskrit":"गुलिक","start":"19:57","end":"21:17","duration_minutes":80,"rule":"Saturn's eighth of the night: part 2 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 34 (tr. N. P. Subramania Iyer, 1917): for harvest, trade, medical treatment and the study of the Vedas \"Gulika has no evil force\"; ch. 33 note: \"Gulika is not considered inauspicious\"","Phaladīpikā 25.20 (as a natal upagraha): Gulika acts like Saturn"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Yamaghaṇṭaka (night)","sanskrit":"यमघण्टक","start":"02:37","end":"03:57","duration_minutes":80,"rule":"Jupiter's eighth of the night: part 7 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: listed with Ardhapraharam and Kālan as periods to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.19-20 (as a natal upagraha): Yamakaṇṭaka acts like Jupiter, the strongest of the upagrahas at giving good","Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.37-39 counts a Yamaghaṇṭa among the faulty moments (duṣṭakṣaṇa), in sixteenths of the day: the second half of this eighth"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Kāla (night)","sanskrit":"काल","start":"21:17","end":"22:37","duration_minutes":80,"rule":"Sun's eighth of the night: part 3 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Kālan, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Rāhu"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Mṛtyu (night)","sanskrit":"मृत्यु","start":"23:57","end":"01:17","duration_minutes":80,"rule":"Mars's eighth of the night: part 5 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"},{"name":"Ardhaprahara (night)","sanskrit":"अर्धप्रहर","start":"01:17","end":"02:37","duration_minutes":80,"rule":"Mercury's eighth of the night: part 6 of 8, counted from Venus","source":"Bṛhat-Parāśara-Horāśāstra ch. 3 (upagrahas)","sources_say":["Kālaprakāśikā ch. 33: Ardhapraharam, to be set aside","Phaladīpikā 25.20: acts like Mercury"],"evidence":"verse read","note":"BPHS uses these parts to fix the upagraha points; the 8th eighth has no lord"}]},"day_muhurtas":[{"name":"Śiva","sanskrit":"शिव","deity":"Śiva","start":"05:17","end":"06:10","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Bhujaga","sanskrit":"भुजग","deity":"Bhujaga","start":"06:10","end":"07:03","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 2th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Mitra","sanskrit":"मित्र","deity":"Mitra","start":"07:03","end":"07:57","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 3th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Pitṛ","sanskrit":"पितृ","deity":"Pitṛ","start":"07:57","end":"08:50","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Vasu","sanskrit":"वसु","deity":"Vasu","start":"08:50","end":"09:44","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Jala","sanskrit":"जल","deity":"Jala","start":"09:44","end":"10:37","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viśva","sanskrit":"विश्व","deity":"Viśva","start":"10:37","end":"11:30","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","sanskrit":"विरिञ्चि","deity":"Viriñci (Abhijit)","start":"11:30","end":"12:24","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","sanskrit":"पङ्कजप्रभव","deity":"Paṅkajaprabhava (Brahmā)","start":"12:24","end":"13:17","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indra","sanskrit":"इन्द्र","deity":"Indra","start":"13:17","end":"14:10","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse 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Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aryaman","sanskrit":"अर्यमन्","deity":"Aryaman","start":"16:50","end":"17:44","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Yoni (Bhaga)","sanskrit":"योनि","deity":"Yoni (Bhaga)","start":"17:44","end":"18:37","duration_minutes":53.4,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the day (sunrise to sunset)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.2, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"night_muhurtas":[{"name":"Rudra","sanskrit":"रुद्र","deity":"Rudra","start":"18:37","end":"19:20","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 1th fifteenth of the 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read"},{"name":"Pūṣan","sanskrit":"पूषन्","deity":"Pūṣan","start":"20:45","end":"21:28","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 4th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dasra","sanskrit":"दस्र","deity":"Dasra","start":"21:28","end":"22:10","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 5th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Antaka","sanskrit":"अन्तक","deity":"Antaka","start":"22:10","end":"22:53","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 6th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Agni","sanskrit":"अग्नि","deity":"Agni","start":"22:53","end":"23:36","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 7th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Dhātṛ","sanskrit":"धातृ","deity":"Dhātṛ","start":"23:36","end":"00:18","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 8th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Indu","sanskrit":"इन्दु","deity":"Indu","start":"00:18","end":"01:01","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 9th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Aditi","sanskrit":"अदिति","deity":"Aditi","start":"01:01","end":"01:44","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 10th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Guru","sanskrit":"गुरु","deity":"Guru","start":"01:44","end":"02:26","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 11th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Hari","sanskrit":"हरि","deity":"Hari","start":"02:26","end":"03:09","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 12th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Ravi","sanskrit":"रवि","deity":"Ravi","start":"03:09","end":"03:52","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 13th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Tvaṣṭṛ","sanskrit":"त्वष्टृ","deity":"Tvaṣṭṛ","start":"03:52","end":"04:35","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 14th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"},{"name":"Anila","sanskrit":"अनिल","deity":"Anila","start":"04:35","end":"05:17","duration_minutes":42.7,"rule":"the 15th fifteenth of the night (sunset to the next sunrise)","source":"Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.3, 3.4 (Varāhamihira)","sources_say":["Ṭikaṇikayātrā 3.5 and Bṛhatsaṃhitā 98.3: a muhūrta is judged by its presiding deity, as a nakṣatra is"],"evidence":"verse read"}],"vara_lord":"Chandra","vara_sanskrit":"सोमवार","not_computed":[{"name":"Vijaya muhūrta as \"the second half of the 7th muhūrta\"","reason":"no source; Rāmāyaṇa 6.4.3 calls the midday muhūrta Vijaya (see Abhijit)"},{"name":"Amṛta kāla by weekday","reason":"no source for a weekday table; the amṛta-ghaṭikā of the sources is by nakṣatra and is not yet read from a primary text"},{"name":"Durmuhūrta (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi 1.38-39)","reason":"the weekday table is partly unreadable in the scans (Tuesday and 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8","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.2794128395617,"endHours":13.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.2794128395617,"endHours":14.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.2794128395617,"endHours":15.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.2794128395617,"endHours":16.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.2794128395617,"endHours":17.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.2794128395617,"endHours":18.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.2794128395617,"endHours":19.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.2794128395617,"endHours":20.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.2794128395617,"endHours":21.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.2794128395617,"endHours":22.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.2794128395617,"endHours":23.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.2794128395617,"endHours":24.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.2794128395617,"endHours":25.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.2794128395617,"endHours":26.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.2794128395617,"endHours":27.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.2794128395617,"endHours":28.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.2794128395617,"endHours":29.2794128395617,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"day_star":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","by_tara":[{"number":1,"name":"Janma","janma_stars":["Puṣya","Anurādhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":2,"name":"Sampat","janma_stars":["Punarvasu","Viśākhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"]},{"number":3,"name":"Vipat","janma_stars":["Ārdrā","Svātī","Śatabhiṣaj"]},{"number":4,"name":"Kṣema","janma_stars":["Mṛgaśirā","Citrā","Dhaniṣṭhā"]},{"number":5,"name":"Pratyari","janma_stars":["Rohiṇī","Hasta","Śravaṇa"]},{"number":6,"name":"Sādhaka","janma_stars":["Kṛttikā","Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":7,"name":"Vadha","janma_stars":["Bharaṇī","Pūrva Phalgunī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā"]},{"number":8,"name":"Maitra","janma_stars":["Aśvinī","Maghā","Mūla"]},{"number":9,"name":"Atimaitra","janma_stars":["Aśleṣā","Jyeṣṭhā","Revatī"]}],"rule":"Counted from the janma star to the day's star, in three rounds of nine","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 11-12","sources_say":"\"tārā nāmasadṛkphalāḥ\": each tārā gives fruit like its name (v.12)"},"chandraBala":{"moon_rashi":"Mīna","rows":[{"janma_rashi":"Meṣa","house":12,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛṣabha","house":11,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":8,"vedha_by":["Jupiter"]},{"janma_rashi":"Mithuna","house":10,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":4,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Karka","house":9,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Siṃha","house":8,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kanyā","house":7,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":2,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Tulā","house":6,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":12,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Vṛścika","house":5,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Dhanu","house":4,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Makara","house":3,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":9,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Kumbha","house":2,"place":null,"vedha_from_house":null,"vedha_by":[]},{"janma_rashi":"Mīna","house":1,"place":"v.1","vedha_from_house":5,"vedha_by":["Sun","Mars","Ketu"]}],"rule":"The Moon's house counted from the janma rāśi; the places of v.1 with their vedha houses, and in the bright half those of v.4","source":"Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Gocara 1-4","not_computed":"the vedha of the v.4 places (the ṭīkā gives 6, 8, 4; not checked against a second edition)"},"dishaShool":"East","dishaShoolSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.5 (and Muhūrtacintāmaṇi, Yātrā 10): \"na vrajet\", one should not set out that way on that weekday","chandraVasa":"North","chandraVasaSource":"Nārada-saṃhitā 33.8: the rāśis from Meṣa in turn to the four quarters from the east; the Moon dwells in her rāśi's quarter","rahuVasa":null,"rahuVasaNotComputed":"Rāhu-vāsa by weekday: no classical verse found (Muhūrtacintāmaṇi has only the nakṣatra-based Pathi-Rāhu-cakra, Yātrā 18); an almanac convention, not shown","anandadiYoga":{"number":23,"name":"Gada","star":"Uttara-Bhādrapadā","counted_from":"Mṛgaśiras","excluded_ghatis":7,"rule":"Counted from the weekday's star to the day's star, Abhijit included 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walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"ayodhya"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1972 CE · Ayodhyā · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1972 CE for Ayodhyā: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:17, sūryāsta 18:37.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/ayodhya/1972-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-10-09T22:07:39.651Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Sūrya Siddhānta: sunrise II.59-63, declination II.28, apparent time II.46, ayanāṃśa III.9-10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-09T22:07:39.651Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-10-09T22:07:39.651Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}