{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:amsterdam:2026-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461249.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872784.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.2146,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.0658,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":161.8512,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8512},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.0658,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7325},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.2804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461249.770833,"ahargana":1872784.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2242,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.78861699999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":263.23051699999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.3849},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":55.81061699999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":82.40241700000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":101.66301699999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":145.31491699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.574317,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":310.8769,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":130.8769,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461249.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872784.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.2146,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.0658,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":161.8512,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8512},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.0658,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7325},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.2804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.385,"elongation":161.851},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.385,"opposition_distance":18.149}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"amsterdam","name":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","lat":52.3676,"lon":4.9041,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"NL","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"amsterdam","name":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","lat":52.3676,"lon":4.9041,"tz_offset_hours":1,"country":"NL","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"04:54","sunsetLocal":"20:39","solarNoonLocal":"12:47","dayLengthHours":15.755762720863572,"dayLengthDisplay":"15 Hours 45 Mins 21 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"8 Hours 14 Mins 39 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:40","moonsetLocal":"03:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:43","end":"18:41","startHours":16.714839891489245,"endHours":18.68431023159719,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:50","end":"10:48","startHours":8.836958531057459,"endHours":10.806428871165405,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:47","end":"14:45","startHours":12.775899211273352,"endHours":14.745369551381298,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:34","end":"09:06","startHours":8.574362485709733,"endHours":9.099554576405186,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:33","end":"05:58","startHours":5.554507964210882,"endHours":5.974661636767244,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:15","end":"13:18","startHours":12.2507071205779,"endHours":13.301091301968803,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"02:48","end":"03:51","startHours":2.797249488059757,"endHours":3.8476336694506617,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:35","end":"04:54","startHours":3.5850376241029354,"endHours":4.898017850841566,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"15:24","end":"16:27","startHours":15.401859664750614,"endHours":16.452243846141517,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"20:27","end":"20:51","startHours":20.45378057170514,"endHours":20.853780571705137,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"20:39","end":"21:19","startHours":20.653780571705138,"endHours":21.310270685074453,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"20:24","end":"22:09","startHours":20.403780571705138,"endHours":22.153780571705138,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:15","end":"01:18","startHours":24.2507071205779,"endHours":25.301091301968803,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:54","end":"06:52","startHours":4.898017850841566,"endHours":6.867488190949513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:52","end":"08:50","startHours":6.867488190949513,"endHours":8.836958531057459,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:50","end":"10:48","startHours":8.836958531057459,"endHours":10.806428871165405,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:48","end":"12:47","startHours":10.806428871165405,"endHours":12.775899211273352,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:47","end":"14:45","startHours":12.775899211273352,"endHours":14.745369551381298,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:45","end":"16:43","startHours":14.745369551381298,"endHours":16.714839891489245,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:43","end":"18:41","startHours":16.714839891489245,"endHours":18.68431023159719,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:41","end":"20:39","startHours":18.68431023159719,"endHours":20.653780571705138,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:39","end":"21:41","startHours":20.653780571705138,"endHours":21.68431023159719,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:41","end":"22:43","startHours":21.68431023159719,"endHours":22.714839891489245,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:43","end":"23:45","startHours":22.714839891489245,"endHours":23.745369551381298,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:45","end":"00:47","startHours":23.745369551381298,"endHours":24.77589921127335,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:47","end":"01:48","startHours":24.77589921127335,"endHours":25.806428871165405,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:48","end":"02:50","startHours":25.806428871165405,"endHours":26.83695853105746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:50","end":"03:52","startHours":26.83695853105746,"endHours":27.867488190949512,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:52","end":"04:54","startHours":27.867488190949512,"endHours":28.898017850841565,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:54","end":"05:54","startHours":4.898017850841566,"endHours":5.898017850841566,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:54","end":"06:54","startHours":5.898017850841566,"endHours":6.898017850841566,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:54","end":"07:54","startHours":6.898017850841566,"endHours":7.898017850841566,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:54","end":"08:54","startHours":7.898017850841566,"endHours":8.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:54","end":"09:54","startHours":8.898017850841565,"endHours":9.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:54","end":"10:54","startHours":9.898017850841565,"endHours":10.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:54","end":"11:54","startHours":10.898017850841565,"endHours":11.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:54","end":"12:54","startHours":11.898017850841565,"endHours":12.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:54","end":"13:54","startHours":12.898017850841565,"endHours":13.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:54","end":"14:54","startHours":13.898017850841565,"endHours":14.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:54","end":"15:54","startHours":14.898017850841565,"endHours":15.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:54","end":"16:54","startHours":15.898017850841565,"endHours":16.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:54","end":"17:54","startHours":16.898017850841565,"endHours":17.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:54","end":"18:54","startHours":17.898017850841565,"endHours":18.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:54","end":"19:54","startHours":18.898017850841565,"endHours":19.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:54","end":"20:54","startHours":19.898017850841565,"endHours":20.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:54","end":"21:54","startHours":20.898017850841565,"endHours":21.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:54","end":"22:54","startHours":21.898017850841565,"endHours":22.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:54","end":"23:54","startHours":22.898017850841565,"endHours":23.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:54","end":"00:54","startHours":23.898017850841565,"endHours":24.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:54","end":"01:54","startHours":24.898017850841565,"endHours":25.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:54","end":"02:54","startHours":25.898017850841565,"endHours":26.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:54","end":"03:54","startHours":26.898017850841565,"endHours":27.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:54","end":"04:54","startHours":27.898017850841565,"endHours":28.898017850841565,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.01116017456955,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.2242}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"amsterdam"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2026 CE · Amsterdam, Netherlands · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2026 CE for Amsterdam, Netherlands: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 04:54, sūryāsta 20:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/amsterdam/2026-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-21T13:43:21.036Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-21T13:43:21.036Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-21T13:43:21.036Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}