{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:agra:2024-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460522.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872057.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5561,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":49.9838,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.4276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4276},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":49.9838,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.9838},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":153.5399},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460522.770833,"ahargana":1872057.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1964,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.14599299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":51.218192999999985,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.919},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":42.43579299999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":128.565293,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":50.039893000000006,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":119.26179300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":324.5261929999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":349.3968,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":169.3968,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460522.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872057.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5561,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":49.9838,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.4276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4276},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":49.9838,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.9838},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":153.5399},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.919,"elongation":53.572},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.919,"opposition_distance":126.428}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:41","sunsetLocal":"19:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":13.427485108161676,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 25 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 34 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:00","moonsetLocal":"15:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:24","end":"14:05","startHours":12.400649575205847,"endHours":14.079085213726056,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:22","end":"09:03","startHours":7.3653426596452185,"endHours":9.043778298165428,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:43","end":"12:24","startHours":10.722213936685637,"endHours":12.400649575205847,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:16","startHours":8.819986879696067,"endHours":9.267569716634789,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:15","end":"06:36","startHours":6.246385567298412,"endHours":6.60445183684939,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:51","startHours":11.953066738267124,"endHours":12.84823241214457,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:54","end":"04:48","startHours":3.896575673370119,"endHours":4.791741347247564,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:34","end":"05:41","startHours":4.567949928778202,"endHours":5.686907021125009,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:32","startHours":14.63856375989946,"endHours":15.533729433776905,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:55","end":"19:19","startHours":18.914392129286686,"endHours":19.314392129286684,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:07","end":"19:40","startHours":19.114392129286685,"endHours":19.673870675460087,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:37","startHours":18.864392129286685,"endHours":20.614392129286685,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:51","startHours":23.953066738267125,"endHours":24.84823241214457,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:41","end":"07:22","startHours":5.686907021125009,"endHours":7.3653426596452185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:22","end":"09:03","startHours":7.3653426596452185,"endHours":9.043778298165428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:03","end":"10:43","startHours":9.043778298165428,"endHours":10.722213936685637,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:43","end":"12:24","startHours":10.722213936685637,"endHours":12.400649575205847,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:24","end":"14:05","startHours":12.400649575205847,"endHours":14.079085213726056,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:05","end":"15:45","startHours":14.079085213726056,"endHours":15.757520852246266,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:45","end":"17:26","startHours":15.757520852246266,"endHours":17.435956490766475,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:26","end":"19:07","startHours":17.435956490766475,"endHours":19.114392129286685,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:07","end":"20:26","startHours":19.114392129286685,"endHours":20.435956490766475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:26","end":"21:45","startHours":20.435956490766475,"endHours":21.757520852246266,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:45","end":"23:05","startHours":21.757520852246266,"endHours":23.079085213726056,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:05","end":"00:24","startHours":23.079085213726056,"endHours":24.400649575205847,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:24","end":"01:43","startHours":24.400649575205847,"endHours":25.722213936685637,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:43","end":"03:03","startHours":25.722213936685637,"endHours":27.043778298165428,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:03","end":"04:22","startHours":27.043778298165428,"endHours":28.36534265964522,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:22","end":"05:41","startHours":28.36534265964522,"endHours":29.68690702112501,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.686907021125009,"endHours":6.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.686907021125009,"endHours":7.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.686907021125009,"endHours":8.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.686907021125009,"endHours":9.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.686907021125009,"endHours":10.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.686907021125009,"endHours":11.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.686907021125009,"endHours":12.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.686907021125009,"endHours":13.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.686907021125009,"endHours":14.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.686907021125009,"endHours":15.686907021125009,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.686907021125009,"endHours":16.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.68690702112501,"endHours":17.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.68690702112501,"endHours":18.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.68690702112501,"endHours":19.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.68690702112501,"endHours":20.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.68690702112501,"endHours":21.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.68690702112501,"endHours":22.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.68690702112501,"endHours":23.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.68690702112501,"endHours":24.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.68690702112501,"endHours":25.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.68690702112501,"endHours":26.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.68690702112501,"endHours":27.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.68690702112501,"endHours":28.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.68690702112501,"endHours":29.68690702112501,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.176699223913847,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.1964}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"aja-ekadashi","name":"Ajā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"अजा एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"King Hariścandra observed this; restored him to throne and family.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"agra"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2024 CE · Agra, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2024 CE for Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:41, sūryāsta 19:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:06:29.324Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:06:29.324Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:06:29.324Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}