{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:agra:2024-01-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-01-01","date_display":"January 1, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1883,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.90709300000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":132.33719299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2214},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":242.87469299999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":237.62889300000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.41069299999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":218.143593,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.1547929999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":0.6296,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":180.6296,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460310.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871845.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.6104,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":134.8865,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.276,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.276},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":134.8865,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5531},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":30.4969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"elongation":120.724},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.221,"opposition_distance":59.276}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":10.456067968587806,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 27 Mins 22 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 32 Mins 38 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:46","moonsetLocal":"10:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:26","end":"09:45","startHours":8.440187483836175,"endHours":9.74719597990965,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:03","end":"12:22","startHours":11.054204475983125,"endHours":12.361212972056602,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:40","end":"14:59","startHours":13.668221468130078,"endHours":14.975229964203553,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:34","end":"09:55","startHours":9.572928180433188,"endHours":9.921463779386114,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:51","startHours":7.568848486453857,"endHours":7.847676965616198,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:01","end":"12:43","startHours":12.012677373103674,"endHours":12.709748571009527,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:44","end":"06:26","startHours":5.739036591950991,"endHours":6.436107789856845,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:08","startHours":6.261839990380381,"endHours":7.133178987762698,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"14:48","startHours":14.103890966821236,"endHours":14.80096216472709,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:23","end":"17:47","startHours":17.389246956350505,"endHours":17.789246956350503,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:35","end":"18:01","startHours":17.589246956350504,"endHours":18.024916455041662,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:20","end":"19:05","startHours":17.339246956350504,"endHours":19.089246956350504,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:01","end":"00:43","startHours":24.01267737310367,"endHours":24.709748571009527,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:08","end":"08:26","startHours":7.133178987762698,"endHours":8.440187483836175,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:26","end":"09:45","startHours":8.440187483836175,"endHours":9.74719597990965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:45","end":"11:03","startHours":9.74719597990965,"endHours":11.054204475983125,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:03","end":"12:22","startHours":11.054204475983125,"endHours":12.361212972056602,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:22","end":"13:40","startHours":12.361212972056602,"endHours":13.668221468130078,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:40","end":"14:59","startHours":13.668221468130078,"endHours":14.975229964203553,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:59","end":"16:17","startHours":14.975229964203553,"endHours":16.28223846027703,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:17","end":"17:35","startHours":16.28223846027703,"endHours":17.589246956350504,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:35","end":"19:17","startHours":17.589246956350504,"endHours":19.28223846027703,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:17","end":"20:59","startHours":19.28223846027703,"endHours":20.975229964203553,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:59","end":"22:40","startHours":20.975229964203553,"endHours":22.668221468130078,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:40","end":"00:22","startHours":22.668221468130078,"endHours":24.3612129720566,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:22","end":"02:03","startHours":24.3612129720566,"endHours":26.054204475983127,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:03","end":"03:45","startHours":26.054204475983127,"endHours":27.747195979909648,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:45","end":"05:26","startHours":27.747195979909648,"endHours":29.440187483836173,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:26","end":"07:08","startHours":29.440187483836173,"endHours":31.133178987762697,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.133178987762698,"endHours":8.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.133178987762697,"endHours":9.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.133178987762697,"endHours":10.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.133178987762697,"endHours":11.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.133178987762697,"endHours":12.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.133178987762697,"endHours":13.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.133178987762697,"endHours":14.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.133178987762697,"endHours":15.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.133178987762697,"endHours":16.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.133178987762697,"endHours":17.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.133178987762697,"endHours":18.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.133178987762697,"endHours":19.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.133178987762697,"endHours":20.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.133178987762697,"endHours":21.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.133178987762697,"endHours":22.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.133178987762697,"endHours":23.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.133178987762697,"endHours":24.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.133178987762697,"endHours":25.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.133178987762697,"endHours":26.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.133178987762697,"endHours":27.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.133178987762697,"endHours":28.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.133178987762697,"endHours":29.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.133178987762697,"endHours":30.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.133178987762697,"endHours":31.133178987762697,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.05250366747792,"eotMinutes":-3.705178323396069,"ayanamsa":24.1883}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"agra"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 1, 2024 CE · Agra, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 1, 2024 CE for Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2024-01-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:35:31.216Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:35:31.216Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T03:35:31.216Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}