{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:agra:2019-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458754.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870289.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.7193,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":150.3302,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.6109,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6109},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":150.3302,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6635},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":310.0495},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458754.770833,"ahargana":1870289.2708,"kali_year":5121,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1287,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.51104400000008,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":150.06964399999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1495},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":151.63644399999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":177.74584400000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":233.67114400000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":172.36164400000007,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":259.79644400000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":83.074,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":263.074,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458754.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870289.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.7193,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":150.3302,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.6109,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.6109},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":150.3302,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6635},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":310.0495},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.149,"elongation":9.389},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.149,"opposition_distance":170.611}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":11.9986565537258,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:19","moonsetLocal":"17:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:08","end":"10:38","startHours":9.130116036438263,"endHours":10.629948105653988,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:38","end":"15:08","startHours":13.629612244085438,"endHours":15.129444313301162,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:38","startHours":6.130451898006813,"endHours":7.630283967222538,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:56","end":"09:20","startHours":8.9301384272095,"endHours":9.330093645667027,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:57","startHours":6.630395921078721,"endHours":6.950360095844742,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:32","startHours":11.729824956412186,"endHours":12.529735393327238,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:32","end":"05:20","startHours":4.5306310241767065,"endHours":5.33054146109176,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.130563851862997,"endHours":6.130451898006813,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:56","startHours":14.129556267157346,"endHours":14.9294667040724,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.929108451732613,"endHours":18.329108451732612,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:38","startHours":18.129108451732613,"endHours":18.62905247480452,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.879108451732613,"endHours":19.629108451732613,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:32","startHours":23.729824956412184,"endHours":24.52973539332724,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:08","end":"07:38","startHours":6.130451898006813,"endHours":7.630283967222538,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:38","end":"09:08","startHours":7.630283967222538,"endHours":9.130116036438263,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:08","end":"10:38","startHours":9.130116036438263,"endHours":10.629948105653988,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:38","end":"12:08","startHours":10.629948105653988,"endHours":12.129780174869712,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:08","end":"13:38","startHours":12.129780174869712,"endHours":13.629612244085438,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:38","end":"15:08","startHours":13.629612244085438,"endHours":15.129444313301162,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:08","end":"16:38","startHours":15.129444313301162,"endHours":16.62927638251689,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:38","end":"18:08","startHours":16.62927638251689,"endHours":18.129108451732613,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:08","end":"19:38","startHours":18.129108451732613,"endHours":19.62927638251689,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:38","end":"21:08","startHours":19.62927638251689,"endHours":21.129444313301164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:08","end":"22:38","startHours":21.129444313301164,"endHours":22.629612244085436,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:38","end":"00:08","startHours":22.629612244085436,"endHours":24.129780174869712,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:08","end":"01:38","startHours":24.129780174869712,"endHours":25.629948105653988,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:38","end":"03:08","startHours":25.629948105653988,"endHours":27.130116036438263,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:08","end":"04:38","startHours":27.130116036438263,"endHours":28.63028396722254,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:38","end":"06:08","startHours":28.63028396722254,"endHours":30.13045189800681,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.130451898006813,"endHours":7.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.130451898006813,"endHours":8.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130451898006813,"endHours":9.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130451898006813,"endHours":10.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130451898006813,"endHours":11.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130451898006813,"endHours":12.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130451898006813,"endHours":13.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130451898006813,"endHours":14.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130451898006813,"endHours":15.130451898006813,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130451898006813,"endHours":16.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.13045189800681,"endHours":17.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.13045189800681,"endHours":18.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.13045189800681,"endHours":19.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.13045189800681,"endHours":20.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.13045189800681,"endHours":21.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.13045189800681,"endHours":22.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.13045189800681,"endHours":23.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.13045189800681,"endHours":24.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.13045189800681,"endHours":25.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.13045189800681,"endHours":26.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.13045189800681,"endHours":27.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.13045189800681,"endHours":28.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.13045189800681,"endHours":29.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.13045189800681,"endHours":30.13045189800681,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.843678751183302,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":24.1287}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"mahalaya-amavasya","name":"Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā)","name_sanskrit":"महालय अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Pitṛ-deva","significance":"Final day of Pitṛ-Pakṣa; tarpaṇa for all ancestors.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Mahālaya Amāvasyā (Sarvapitṛ Amāvasyā) is not live yet; Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"agra"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2019 CE · Agra, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2019 CE for Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2019-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:33:22.216Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T12:33:22.216Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T12:33:22.216Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}