{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:agra:2003-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452910.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864445.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8567,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":183.6738,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":23.8171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8171},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":183.6738,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.3405},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":343.5304},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452910.770833,"ahargana":1864445.2708,"kali_year":5105,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9052,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.609828,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.69232799999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.1829},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":306.09922800000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":142.85562800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":132.84792800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":171.44832799999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":78.532828,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.7172,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.7172,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452910.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864445.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8567,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":183.6738,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":23.8171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8171},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":183.6738,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.3405},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":343.5304},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.183,"elongation":23.817},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.183,"opposition_distance":156.183}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:08","dayLengthHours":12.002043058867592,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:14","moonsetLocal":"19:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:38","end":"18:08","startHours":16.630546321945058,"endHours":18.130801704303508,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:08","end":"13:38","startHours":12.129780174869712,"endHours":13.63003555722816,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:08","end":"16:38","startHours":15.130290939586608,"endHours":16.630546321945058,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:56","end":"09:20","startHours":8.929235359171686,"endHours":9.32930346113394,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:38","end":"06:57","startHours":6.6288437728887315,"endHours":6.948898254458534,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:32","startHours":11.729712072907459,"endHours":12.529848276831965,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:32","end":"05:20","startHours":4.528486237586902,"endHours":5.328622441511409,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.1285883905302825,"endHours":6.128758645435915,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:56","startHours":14.130120684680975,"endHours":14.93025688860548,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.93080170430351,"endHours":18.330801704303507,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:38","startHours":18.130801704303508,"endHours":18.630886831756325,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.880801704303508,"endHours":19.630801704303508,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:32","startHours":23.729712072907457,"endHours":24.529848276831967,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:08","end":"07:38","startHours":6.128758645435915,"endHours":7.629014027794364,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:38","end":"09:08","startHours":7.629014027794364,"endHours":9.129269410152812,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:08","end":"10:38","startHours":9.129269410152812,"endHours":10.629524792511262,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:38","end":"12:08","startHours":10.629524792511262,"endHours":12.129780174869712,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:08","end":"13:38","startHours":12.129780174869712,"endHours":13.63003555722816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:38","end":"15:08","startHours":13.63003555722816,"endHours":15.130290939586608,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:08","end":"16:38","startHours":15.130290939586608,"endHours":16.630546321945058,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:38","end":"18:08","startHours":16.630546321945058,"endHours":18.130801704303508,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:08","end":"19:38","startHours":18.130801704303508,"endHours":19.630546321945058,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:38","end":"21:08","startHours":19.630546321945058,"endHours":21.130290939586608,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:08","end":"22:38","startHours":21.130290939586608,"endHours":22.63003555722816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:38","end":"00:08","startHours":22.63003555722816,"endHours":24.129780174869712,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:08","end":"01:38","startHours":24.129780174869712,"endHours":25.629524792511262,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:38","end":"03:08","startHours":25.629524792511262,"endHours":27.129269410152816,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:08","end":"04:38","startHours":27.129269410152816,"endHours":28.629014027794366,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:38","end":"06:08","startHours":28.629014027794366,"endHours":30.128758645435916,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.128758645435915,"endHours":7.128758645435915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.128758645435915,"endHours":8.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.128758645435916,"endHours":9.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.128758645435916,"endHours":10.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.128758645435916,"endHours":11.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.128758645435916,"endHours":12.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.128758645435916,"endHours":13.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.128758645435916,"endHours":14.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.128758645435916,"endHours":15.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.128758645435916,"endHours":16.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.128758645435916,"endHours":17.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.128758645435916,"endHours":18.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.128758645435916,"endHours":19.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.128758645435916,"endHours":20.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.128758645435916,"endHours":21.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.128758645435916,"endHours":22.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.128758645435916,"endHours":23.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.128758645435916,"endHours":24.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.128758645435916,"endHours":25.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.128758645435916,"endHours":26.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.128758645435916,"endHours":27.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.128758645435916,"endHours":28.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.128758645435916,"endHours":29.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.128758645435916,"endHours":30.128758645435916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.7942084436536814,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.9052}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"agra"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2003 CE · Agra, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2003 CE for Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/2003-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:59.006Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:59.006Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-08-10T07:30:59.006Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Goloka/Vraja Rādhā-Krishna","Vaikuṇṭha Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa","Mahāviṣṇu/Kāraṇodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu","Brahmā","Kṣīrodaka Paramātmā/Antaryāmī (Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu)","Bhūmi","reader's own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi","exact reading kṣetra","reader-bhakta","chitta/vāṇī/aṅgulī","keyboard-silicon-pathways","Vidhyāmitra substrate","reader/seer","Krishna"],"antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}