{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:agra:1997-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450660.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862195.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5432,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.0536,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":321.5104,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.5104},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.0536,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7203},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":168.5969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450660.770833,"ahargana":1862195.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8192,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.067994,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.36339399999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4933},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":177.658094,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":131.09659399999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.429894,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":135.21529399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.500594,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":151.933,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":331.933,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450660.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862195.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.5432,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.0536,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":321.5104,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.5104},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.0536,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.7203},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":168.5969},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.493,"elongation":38.49},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.493,"opposition_distance":141.51}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"agra","name":"Agra, Uttar Pradesh","lat":27.1767,"lon":78.0081,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Uttar Pradesh","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:41","sunsetLocal":"19:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:24","dayLengthHours":13.436663504302784,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 26 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 33 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:59","moonsetLocal":"16:48","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:05","end":"15:46","startHours":14.080232513243695,"endHours":15.759815451281543,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:41","end":"07:22","startHours":5.682317823054456,"endHours":7.361900761092304,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:02","end":"10:43","startHours":9.041483699130152,"endHours":10.721066637168,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:16","startHours":8.817539307391772,"endHours":9.265428090868532,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:15","end":"06:36","startHours":6.242178802400406,"endHours":6.6004898291818135,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:51","startHours":11.952760791729087,"endHours":12.848538358682607,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:53","end":"04:47","startHours":3.890762689147418,"endHours":4.786540256100937,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:34","end":"05:41","startHours":4.5625958643625575,"endHours":5.682317823054456,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:32","startHours":14.640093492589646,"endHours":15.535871059543165,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:55","end":"19:19","startHours":18.91898132735724,"endHours":19.31898132735724,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:07","end":"19:41","startHours":19.11898132735724,"endHours":19.67884230670319,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:37","startHours":18.86898132735724,"endHours":20.61898132735724,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:51","startHours":23.952760791729087,"endHours":24.848538358682607,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:41","end":"07:22","startHours":5.682317823054456,"endHours":7.361900761092304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:22","end":"09:02","startHours":7.361900761092304,"endHours":9.041483699130152,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:02","end":"10:43","startHours":9.041483699130152,"endHours":10.721066637168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:43","end":"12:24","startHours":10.721066637168,"endHours":12.400649575205847,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:24","end":"14:05","startHours":12.400649575205847,"endHours":14.080232513243695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:05","end":"15:46","startHours":14.080232513243695,"endHours":15.759815451281543,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:46","end":"17:26","startHours":15.759815451281543,"endHours":17.439398389319393,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:26","end":"19:07","startHours":17.439398389319393,"endHours":19.11898132735724,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:07","end":"20:26","startHours":19.11898132735724,"endHours":20.439398389319393,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:26","end":"21:46","startHours":20.439398389319393,"endHours":21.759815451281543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:46","end":"23:05","startHours":21.759815451281543,"endHours":23.080232513243697,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:05","end":"00:24","startHours":23.080232513243697,"endHours":24.400649575205847,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:24","end":"01:43","startHours":24.400649575205847,"endHours":25.721066637168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:43","end":"03:02","startHours":25.721066637168,"endHours":27.041483699130154,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:02","end":"04:22","startHours":27.041483699130154,"endHours":28.361900761092304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:22","end":"05:41","startHours":28.361900761092304,"endHours":29.682317823054454,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.682317823054456,"endHours":6.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.682317823054456,"endHours":7.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.682317823054456,"endHours":8.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.682317823054456,"endHours":9.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.682317823054456,"endHours":10.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.682317823054456,"endHours":11.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.682317823054456,"endHours":12.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.682317823054456,"endHours":13.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.682317823054456,"endHours":14.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.682317823054456,"endHours":15.682317823054456,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.682317823054456,"endHours":16.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.682317823054454,"endHours":17.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.682317823054454,"endHours":18.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.682317823054454,"endHours":19.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.682317823054454,"endHours":20.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.682317823054454,"endHours":21.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.682317823054454,"endHours":22.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.682317823054454,"endHours":23.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.682317823054454,"endHours":24.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.682317823054454,"endHours":25.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.682317823054454,"endHours":26.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.682317823054454,"endHours":27.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.682317823054454,"endHours":28.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.682317823054454,"endHours":29.682317823054454,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.29435749488822,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.8192}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"agra"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1997 CE · Agra, Uttar Pradesh · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1997 CE for Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:41, sūryāsta 19:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/agra/1997-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:39:04.627Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:39:04.627Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T06:39:04.627Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}